ATRX - Antibodies - The Human Protein Atlas


	Antibody HPA001906	Antibody HPA064684	Antibody CAB009372	Antibody CAB068176

ANTIBODY INFORMATION
Provider	Atlas Antibodies Sigma-Aldrich	Atlas Antibodies Sigma-Aldrich	Santa Cruz Biotechnology	Atlas Antibodies Sigma-Aldrich
Product name	HPA001906	HPA064684	sc-15408	AMAb90784
Host species	Rabbit	Rabbit	Rabbit	Mouse
Clonalityⁱ The antibodies are designated mAB for monoclonal and pAb for polyclonal.	pAb	pAb	pAb	mAb
Concentration	0.2325 mg/ml	0.4296 mg/ml	Not known	Not known
Purity	Affinity purified using the PrEST-antigen as affinity ligand	Affinity purified using the PrEST-antigen as affinity ligand	Protein A/G	Protein A/G
Released in versionⁱ The release of the Human Protein Atlas in which the antibody was first published.	2.0	13.0	3.1	13.0
Referencesⁱ References to publications in which the antibody has been used.	58
Proper citation	Atlas Antibodies Cat#HPA001906, RRID:AB_1078249	Atlas Antibodies Cat#HPA064684, RRID:AB_2685321	Santa Cruz Biotechnology Cat#sc-15408, RRID:AB_2061023	Atlas Antibodies Cat#AMAb90784, RRID:AB_2665665
Validation summaryⁱ All assays through which the antibody has been validated. Assays&annotation provide a detailed description of the different assays. The pie-charts indicate degree of validation.	N/A ICC IHC WB PA	ICC N/A IHC N/A WB PA	N/A ICC IHC WB N/A PA	N/A ICC IHC WB N/A PA
IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRYⁱ Immunocytochemistry is used to validate the antibody staining and for assessing and validating the protein expression pattern in selected human cell lines. Read more
Validationⁱ Results of validation by standard or enhanced validation. Standard validation is based on concordance with available experimental gene/protein characterization data in the UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot database. Standard validation results in scores Supported, Approved or Uncertain. Enhanced validation is performed using either siRNA knockdown, tagged GFP cell lines or independent antibodies. For the siRNA validation the decrease in antibody-based staining intensity upon target protein downregulation is evaluated. For the GFP validation the signal overlap between the antibody staining and the GFP-tagged protein is evaluated. For the independent antibodies validation the evaluation is based on comparison of the staining of two (or more) independent antibodies directed towards independent epitopes on the protein. For all cases except the siRNA validation, an image representative of the antibody staining pattern is shown. For the siRNA validation, a box plot of the results is shown. Read more	N/A	Supportedⁱ Immunocytochemistry is used for validating antibody reliability by assessing staining pattern in cell lines. Validation scores include Enhanced, Supported, Approved and Uncertain. Read more The subcellular location is supported by literature. Immunofluorescent staining of human cell line SH-SY5Y shows localization to nuclear bodies.	N/A	N/A

Antibody dilution		Human assay: Rh30 fixed with PFA, dilution: 1:200 Human assay: SH-SY5Y fixed with PFA, dilution: 1:200 Human assay: U2OS fixed with PFA, dilution: 1:200
IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRYⁱ Immunohistochemistry is used for validating antibody reliability by assessing staining pattern in 44 normal tissues. Validation scores include Enhanced, Supported, Approved and Uncertain. Read more
Validationⁱ Results of validation by standard or enhanced validation based on assessment of antibody performance in 44 normal tissues. Standard validation results in scores Supported, Approved or Uncertain. An image representative of the antibody staining pattern is shown. Enhanced validation results in the score Enhanced and includes two methods: Orthogonal validation and Independent antibody validation. For orthogonal validation, representative images of high and low expression are shown. For independent antibody validation, four images of each independent antibody are displayed. Read more	Supportedⁱ Immunohistochemistry is used for validating antibody reliability by assessing staining pattern in 44 normal tissues. Validation scores include Enhanced, Supported, Approved and Uncertain. Read more Immunohistochemical staining of human pancreas shows moderate nuclear positivity in exocrine glandular cells and in islets of Langerhans. Pancreas	N/A	Supportedⁱ Immunohistochemistry is used for validating antibody reliability by assessing staining pattern in 44 normal tissues. Validation scores include Enhanced, Supported, Approved and Uncertain. Read more Immunohistochemical staining of human pancreas shows strong nuclear positivity in exocrine glandular cells and in islets of Langerhans. Pancreas	Supportedⁱ Immunohistochemistry is used for validating antibody reliability by assessing staining pattern in 44 normal tissues. Validation scores include Enhanced, Supported, Approved and Uncertain. Read more Immunohistochemical staining of human pancreas shows strong nuclear positivity in exocrine glandular cells and in islets of Langerhans. Pancreas

Retrievalⁱ Antigen retrieval is a method used to restore/retrieve the epitope (antibody bidning region) of the target protein, cross-linked, and thus masked, during tissue preserving fixative treatment of the tissues. Read more	HIER pH6		HIER pH6	HIER pH6
Antibody dilution	1:1500		1:300	1:500
Literature conformityⁱ Conformance of the expression pattern with available gene/protein characterization data in scientific literature and data from bioinformatic predictions. UniProt is used as the main source of gene/protein characterization data and when relevant, available publications and other sources of information are researched in depth. Extensive or sufficient gene/protein data requires that there is evidence of existence on a protein level and that a substantial quantity of published experimental data is available from literature and public databases. Limited protein/gene characterization data does not require evidence of existence on a protein level and refers to genes for which only bioinformatic predictions and scarce published experimental data is available.	Partly consistent with extensive gene/protein characterization data.		Consistent with extensive gene/protein characterization data.	Partly consistent with extensive gene/protein characterization data.
RNA consistencyⁱ Consistency between immunohistochemistry data and consensus RNA levels is divided into five different categories: i) High consistency, ii) Medium consistency, iii) Low consistency, iv) Very low consistency, and v) Cannot be evaluated.	Medium consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression data.		Medium consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression data.	Medium consistency between antibody staining and RNA expression data.
WESTERN BLOTⁱ A Western blot analysis is performed on a panel of human tissues and cell lines to evaluate antibody specificity. For antibodies with unreliable result a revalidation using an over-expression lysate is performed. Read more
Validationⁱ Western Blot is used for quality control of the polyclonal antibodies generated in the project. After purification, the antibodies are used to detect bands in a setup of lysate and different tissues. The result is then scored Enhanced, Supported, Approved, or Uncertain. Enhanced validation includes five different methods: Genetic validation, Recombinant expression validation, Independent antibody validation, Orthogonal validation and Capture MS validation. Read more	Uncertainⁱ The staining of an antibody is evaluated by Western Blot through analysis of samples from different cell lysates. A supportive score is given if band(s) of predicted size in kDa (+/-20%) is detected. No bands detected. Analysis performed using a standard panel of samples. 206 113 82 49 32 26 18	Uncertainⁱ The staining of an antibody is evaluated by Western Blot through analysis of samples from different cell lysates. A supportive score is given if band(s) of predicted size in kDa (+/-20%) is detected. Weak band of predicted size but with additional bands of higher intensity also present. Analysis performed using a standard panel of samples.	Supportedⁱ The staining of an antibody is evaluated by Western Blot through analysis of samples from different cell lysates. A supportive score is given if band(s) of predicted size in kDa (+/-20%) is detected. Band of predicted size in kDa (+/-20%) with additional bands present. Analysis performed using a standard panel of samples. 220 112 84 47 32 26 17	Supportedⁱ The staining of an antibody is evaluated by Western Blot through analysis of samples from different cell lysates. A supportive score is given if band(s) of predicted size in kDa (+/-20%) is detected. Single band corresponding to the predicted size in kDa (+/-20%). Analysis performed using a standard panel of samples. 250 130 100 70 55 35 25 15 10

Antibody dilution	1:250	1:720	1:500	1:1000
PROTEIN ARRAY
Validationⁱ A protein array containing 384 different antigens including the antibody target is used to analyse antibody specificity. Depending on the array interaction profile the antibody is scored as Supported, Approved, or Uncertain. Read more	Approved Pass with quality comment low specificity (binding to 1-2 antigens >15% and <40%). Antibody specificity analysis with protein arrays. Predicted and matching interactions are shown in green.	Supported Pass with single peak corresponding to interaction only with its own antigen. Antibody specificity analysis with protein arrays. Predicted and matching interactions are shown in green.	N/A	N/A

Antibody dilution	1:3000	1:8600
RELEVANT PUBLICATIONS
	Altered telomeres in tumors with ATRX and DAXX mutations Heaphy CM et al Science 2011;333(6041):425
	Driver mutations in histone H3.3 and chromatin remodelling genes in paediatric glioblastoma Schwartzentruber J et al Nature 2012;482(7384):226-31
	Loss of ATRX or DAXX expression and concomitant acquisition of the alternative lengthening of telomeres phenotype are late events in a small subset of MEN-1 syndrome pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors de Wilde RF et al Mod Pathol 2012;25(7):1033-9
	Loss of ATRX, genome instability, and an altered DNA damage response are hallmarks of the alternative lengthening of telomeres pathway Lovejoy CA et al PLoS Genet 2012;8(7):e1002772
	Frequent ATRX, CIC, FUBP1 and IDH1 mutations refine the classification of malignant gliomas Jiao Y et al Oncotarget 2012;3(7):709-22 Application: IHC
	Molecular and morphologic correlates of the alternative lengthening of telomeres phenotype in high-grade astrocytomas Nguyen DN et al Brain Pathol 2013;23(3):237-43
	The alternative lengthening of telomere phenotype is significantly associated with loss of ATRX expression in high-grade pediatric and adult astrocytomas: a multi-institutional study of 214 astrocytomas Abedalthagafi M et al Mod Pathol 2013;26(11):1425-32
	Benefit from procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine in oligodendroglial tumors is associated with mutation of IDH Cairncross JG et al J Clin Oncol 2014;32(8):783-90 Application: IHC
	Clinical Neuropathology practice news 2-2014: ATRX, a new candidate biomarker in gliomas Haberler C et al Clin Neuropathol ;33(2):108-11
	Telomerase inhibition abolishes the tumorigenicity of pediatric ependymoma tumor-initiating cells Barszczyk M et al Acta Neuropathol 2014;128(6):863-77 Application: IHC
	Clinical multiplexed exome sequencing distinguishes adult oligodendroglial neoplasms from astrocytic and mixed lineage gliomas Cryan JB et al Oncotarget 2014;5(18):8083-92 Application: IHC
	Whole-exome sequencing identifies somatic ATRX mutations in pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas Fishbein L et al Nat Commun 2015;6:6140 Application: IHC
	CDKN2A loss is associated with shortened overall survival in lower-grade (World Health Organization Grades II-III) astrocytomas Reis GF et al J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2015;74(5):442-52 Application: IHC
	Molecular-genetic and clinical characteristics of gliomas with astrocytic appearance and total 1p19q loss in a single institutional consecutive cohort Hayashi S et al Oncotarget 2015;6(18):15871-81 Application: IHC
	ATRX represses alternative lengthening of telomeres Napier CE et al Oncotarget 2015;6(18):16543-58 Application: WB
	TERT promoter mutations are frequent and show association with MED12 mutations in phyllodes tumors of the breast Yoshida M et al Br J Cancer 2015;113(8):1244-8 Application: IHC
	Diffuse Midline Gliomas with Histone H3-K27M Mutation: A Series of 47 Cases Assessing the Spectrum of Morphologic Variation and Associated Genetic Alterations Solomon DA et al Brain Pathol 2016;26(5):569-80 Application: IHC
	Exome Sequencing of Uterine Leiomyosarcomas Identifies Frequent Mutations in TP53, ATRX, and MED12 Mäkinen N et al PLoS Genet 2016;12(2):e1005850 Application: IHC
	ATRX binds to atypical chromatin domains at the 3' exons of zinc finger genes to preserve H3K9me3 enrichment Valle-García D et al Epigenetics 2016;11(6):398-414 Application: IP
	IDH-mutant glioma specific association of rs55705857 located at 8q24.21 involves MYC deregulation Oktay Y et al Sci Rep 2016;6:27569 Application: IHC
	TERT promoter mutations in pancreatic endocrine tumours are rare and mainly found in tumours from patients with hereditary syndromes Vinagre J et al Sci Rep 2016;6:29714 Application: IHC
	Loss of ATRX and DAXX expression identifies poor prognosis for smooth muscle tumours of uncertain malignant potential and early stage uterine leiomyosarcoma Slatter TL et al J Pathol Clin Res 2015;1(2):95-105 Application: IHC
	Not all 1p/19q non-codeleted oligodendroglial tumors are astrocytic Li YX et al Oncotarget 2016;7(40):64615-64630 Application: IHC
	Cancer Cells with Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres Do Not Display a General Hypersensitivity to ATR Inhibition Deeg KI et al Front Oncol 2016;6:186 Application: WB
	Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres in Primary Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors Is Associated with Aggressive Clinical Behavior and Poor Survival Kim JY et al Clin Cancer Res 2017;23(6):1598-1606 Application: IHC
	Bithalamic gliomas may be molecularly distinct from their unilateral high-grade counterparts Broniscer A et al Brain Pathol 2018;28(1):112-120 Application: IHC
	Adult infiltrating gliomas with WHO 2016 integrated diagnosis: additional prognostic roles of ATRX and TERT Pekmezci M et al Acta Neuropathol 2017;133(6):1001-1016 Application: IHC
	Alternative lengthening of telomeres and ATRX/DAXX loss can be reliably detected in FNAs of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors VandenBussche CJ et al Cancer Cytopathol 2017;125(7):544-551 Application: IHC
	Anti-proliferative and anti-secretory effects of everolimus on human pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors primary cultures: is there any benefit from combination with somatostatin analogs? Mohamed A et al Oncotarget 2017;8(25):41044-41063 Application: IHC
	Somatostatin receptor 2A in gliomas: Association with oligodendrogliomas and favourable outcome Kiviniemi A et al Oncotarget 2017;8(30):49123-49132 Application: IHC
	or - mutations do not predict outcome and do not cause loss of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine or altered histone modifications in central chondrosarcomas Cleven AHG et al Clin Sarcoma Res 2017;7:8 Application: IHC
	DAXX/ATRX and MEN1 genes are strong prognostic markers in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors Park JK et al Oncotarget 2017;8(30):49796-49806 Application: IHC
	PARP1 expression and its correlation with survival is tumour molecular subtype dependent in glioblastoma Murnyák B et al Oncotarget 2017;8(28):46348-46362 Application: IHC
	Adult Diffuse Astrocytoma in the Medulla Oblongata: Molecular Biological Analyses Including H3F3A Mutation of Histone H3.3 Uekawa K et al NMC Case Rep J 2016;3(2):29-33 Application: IHC
	Expression and prognostic value of JAM-A in gliomas Rosager AM et al J Neurooncol 2017;135(1):107-117 Application: IHC
	Expression of CD70 (CD27L) Is Associated With Epithelioid and Sarcomatous Features in IDH-Wild-Type Glioblastoma Pratt D et al J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2017;76(8):697-708 Application: IHC
	The frequency and prognostic effect of TERT promoter mutation in diffuse gliomas Lee Y et al Acta Neuropathol Commun 2017;5(1):62 Application: IHC
	Reclassification of Mixed Oligoastrocytic Tumors Using a Genetically Integrated Diagnostic Approach Kim SI et al J Pathol Transl Med 2018;52(1):28-36 Application: IHC
	Primary Astrocytic Tumours and Paired Recurrences have Similar Biological Features in IDH1, TP53 and TERTp Mutation and MGMT, ATRX Loss Li X et al Sci Rep 2017;7(1):13038 Application: IHC
	Comparison among conventional and advanced MRI, F-FDG PET/CT, phenotype and genotype in glioblastoma Valentini MC et al Oncotarget 2017;8(53):91636-91653 Application: ICC-IF, IHC
	Elevated TERT Expression in TERT-Wildtype Adult Diffuse Gliomas: Histological Evaluation with a Novel TERT-Specific Antibody Masui K et al Biomed Res Int 2018;2018:7945845 Application: IHC
	Inhibition of GPR158 by microRNA-449a suppresses neural lineage of glioma stem/progenitor cells and correlates with higher glioma grades Li N et al Oncogene 2018;37(31):4313-4333 Application: IHC
	Aberrant ATRX protein expression is associated with poor overall survival in NF1-MPNST Lu HC et al Oncotarget 2018;9(33):23018-23028 Application: IHC
	The genomic landscape of TERT promoter wildtype-IDH wildtype glioblastoma Diplas BH et al Nat Commun 2018;9(1):2087 Application: IHC
	ATRX loss induces multiple hallmarks of the alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) phenotype in human glioma cell lines in a cell line-specific manner Brosnan-Cashman JA et al PLoS One 2018;13(9):e0204159 Application: IHC
	Hypermethylation of Secreted Frizzled Related Protein 1 gene promoter in different astrocytoma grades Kafka A et al Croat Med J 2018;59(5):213-223 Application: IHC
	Microscopy with ultraviolet surface excitation for rapid slide-free histology Fereidouni F et al Nat Biomed Eng 2017;1:957-966 Application: IHC
	Gemcitabine Plus Radiation Therapy for High-Grade Glioma: Long-Term Results of a Phase 1 Dose-Escalation Study Kim MM et al Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2016;94(2):305-11 Application: IHC
	Grading of Neuroendocrine Carcinomas: Correlation of Ga-PET/CT Scan with Tissue Biomarkers Liverani C et al Dis Markers 2018;2018:6878409 Application: IHC
	Significance of TERT and ATRX mutations in glioma Liu J et al Oncol Lett 2019;17(1):95-102 Application: IHC
	Rapid and reversible suppression of ALT by DAXX in osteosarcoma cells Yost KE et al Sci Rep 2019;9(1):4544 Application: ICC-IF, WB
	Synthetic lethality of cytolytic HSV-1 in cancer cells with ATRX and PML deficiency Han M et al J Cell Sci 2019;132(5): Application: ICC-IF, WB
	Undifferentiated Sarcomas Develop through Distinct Evolutionary Pathways Steele CD et al Cancer Cell 2019;35(3):441-456.e8 Application: IHC
	Genomic analysis of the origins and evolution of multicentric diffuse lower-grade gliomas Hayes J et al Neuro Oncol 2018;20(5):632-641 Application: IHC
	Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres and Loss of DAXX/ATRX Expression Predicts Metastatic Disease and Poor Survival in Patients with Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors Singhi AD et al Clin Cancer Res 2017;23(2):600-609 Application: IHC
	Pituitary Adenoma in Pediatric and Adolescent Populations Chen J et al J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2019;78(7):626-632 Application: IHC
	Genotyping low-grade gliomas among Hispanics Cardona AF et al Neurooncol Pract 2016;3(3):164-172 Application: IHC
	Alternative lengthening of telomeres, ATRX loss and H3-K27M mutations in histologically defined pilocytic astrocytoma with anaplasia Rodriguez FJ et al Brain Pathol 2019;29(1):126-140 Application: IHC
ANTIGEN INFORMATION
Antigen	Recombinant protein fragment	Recombinant protein fragment	Recombinant protein	Recombinant protein
Length (aa)	141	96
Antigen sequence	`AAWAEYEAEKKGLTMRFNIPTGTNLPPVSFNSQTPYIPFNLGALSAMSNQ QLEDLINQGREKVVEATNSVTAVRIQPLEDIISAVWKENMNLSEAQVQAL ALSRQASQELDVKRREAIYNDVLTKQQMLISCVQRILMNRR`	`EFRAMDAVNKEKNTKEHKVIDAKFETKARKGEKPCALEKKDISKSEAKLS RKQVDSEHMHQNVPTEEQRTNKSTGGEHKKSDRKEEPQYEPANTSE`
Matching transcripts	ATRX-201 - ENSP00000362441 [100%] ATRX-202 - ENSP00000378967 [100%] ATRX-224 - ENSP00000502598 [100%]	ATRX-201 - ENSP00000362441 [100%] ATRX-202 - ENSP00000378967 [100%] ATRX-211 - ENSP00000485127 [100%] ATRX-213 - ENSP00000485253 [100%] ATRX-214 - ENSP00000485103 [100%]
Matching mouse transcripts	ENSMUSP00000109203 [96%] ENSMUSP00000112881 [19%] ENSMUSP00000053554 [18%]	ENSMUSP00000143090 [51%] ENSMUSP00000109203 [51%] ENSMUSP00000121416 [51%] ENSMUSP00000028857 [27%] ENSMUSP00000105094 [27%]
ANTIGEN VIEWⁱ The protein browser displays the antigen location on the target protein(s) and the features of the target protein. The tabs at the top of the protein view section can be used to switch between the different splice variants to which an antigen has been mapped. At the top of the view, the position of the antigen (identified by the corresponding HPA identifier) is shown as a green bar. A yellow triangle on the bar indicates a <100% sequence identity to the protein target. Below the antigens, the maximum percent sequence identity of the protein to all other proteins from other human genes is displayed, using a sliding window of 10 aa residues (HsID 10) or 50 aa residues (HsID 50). The region with the lowest possible identity is always selected for antigen design, with a maximum identity of 60% allowed for designing a single-target antigen (read more). The curve in blue displays the predicted antigenicity i.e. the tendency for different regions of the protein to generate an immune response, with peak regions being predicted to be more antigenic.The curve shows average values based on a sliding window approach using an in-house propensity scale. (read more). If a signal peptide is predicted by a majority of the signal peptide predictors SPOCTOPUS, SignalP 4.0, and Phobius (turquoise) and/or transmembrane regions (orange) are predicted by MDM, these are displayed. Low complexity regions are shown in yellow and InterPro regions in green. Common (purple) and unique (grey) regions between different splice variants of the gene are also displayed (read more), and at the bottom of the protein view is the protein scale.
ATRX-201 ATRX-202 ATRX-211 ATRX-213 ATRX-214 ATRX-224