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GENE AND PROTEIN SUMMARY

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Gene name

SPAG1

Description

sperm associated antigen 1

Protein class

Mapped to UniProt SWISS-PROT

Protein evidence

Medium

Entrez gene summary

The correlation of anti-sperm antibodies with cases of unexplained infertility implicates a role for these antibodies in blocking fertilization. Improved diagnosis and treatment of immunologic infertility, as well as identification of proteins for targeted contraception, are dependent on the identification and characterization of relevant sperm antigens. The protein expressed by this gene is recognized by anti-sperm agglutinating antibodies from an infertile woman. Furthermore, immunization of female rats with the recombinant human protein reduced fertility. This protein localizes to the plasma membrane of germ cells in the testis and to the post-acrosomal plasma membrane of mature spermatozoa. Recombinant polypeptide binds GTP and exhibits GTPase activity. Thus, this protein may regulate GTP signal transduction pathways involved in spermatogenesis and fertilization. Two transcript variants of this gene encode the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

External links

Ensembl, UniProt, Entrez gene, neXtProt, Antibodypedia

No of splice variants

4 in total
0 with predicted TM region
0 with predicted signal peptide

SUBCELLULAR LOCATION SUMMARY

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Main location(s)

Cytoplasm

Additional location(s)

Nucleus but not nucleoli, Cytoskeleton (Microtubules) 

Staining summary

Staining of nuclei in U-251 MG, cytoplasm in A-431 and cytoplasm and cytoskeleton (microtubules) in U-2 OS.

Reliability (Single)

Antibodies in assay

HPA023748
 

NORMAL TISSUE & ORGAN SUMMARY

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Staining summary

Strong staining was observed in gastric mucosa, adrenal cortex and seminal vesicle. The gall bladder and ciliated cells exhibited moderate staining. A majority of normal tissues displayed weak cytoplasmic staining occasionally combined with nuclear positivity or were negative.

Tissue specificity

Staining in 30 out of 77 cell types

Reliability (Single)

Antibodies in assay

HPA023748
 

Organ

No of cell types

Antibody staining

CNS (brain) 11
Hematopoietic (blood) 8
Liver and pancreas 5
Digestive (GI-tract) 11
Respiratory (lung) 4
Cardiovascular 1
Female tissues 12
Placenta 2
Male tissues 5
Urinary tract (kidney) 3
Skin and soft tissues 13
Endocrine tissues 2

Level of antibody staining





Strong
Moderate
Weak
Negative

CANCER TISSUE SUMMARY

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Staining summary

Antibody staining in 32% of the cancers

Antibodies in assay

HPA023748
 

Tissue

Cancer staining

Normal tissue
staining

Breast cancer
 
Carcinoid
 
Cervical cancer
 
 
Colorectal cancer
 
 
Endometrial cancer
 
 
Glioma
 
Head and neck cancer
 
 
Liver cancer
 
 
Lung cancer
 
 
Lymphoma
 
 
 

Tissue

Cancer staining

Normal tissue
staining

Melanoma
 
Ovarian cancer
 
Pancreatic cancer
 
Prostate cancer
 
Renal cancer
 
Skin cancer
 
Stomach cancer
 
Testis cancer
 
Thyroid cancer
 
Urothelial cancer
 

Level of antibody staining





Strong
Moderate
Weak
Negative

CELL LINE SUMMARY

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RNA evidence

Medium
 

Cell line

Cell origin

RNA abundance

IH staining

IF intensity

HPA023748

HPA023748

A-431 Skin Medium
Weak
A-549 Lung Medium
CACO-2 Colon Medium
HEK 293 Embryonal kidney Medium
HeLa Cervix Medium
Hep-G2 Liver Low
MCF-7 Pleural effusion Medium
PC-3 Bone marrow Medium
RT-4 Urinary bladder Medium
U-2 OS Bone Medium
Strong
U-251 MG Brain Medium
Moderate

ANTIBODY SUMMARY

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Antibody

Clonality

Validation

HPA023748 pAb