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GENE AND PROTEIN SUMMARY

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Gene name

GCK

Description

glucokinase (hexokinase 4)

Protein class

Enzymes, Mapped to UniProt SWISS-PROT, Plasma proteins, Potential transmembrane proteins

Protein evidence

Medium

Entrez gene summary

Hexokinases phosphorylate glucose to produce glucose-6-phosphate, the first step in most glucose metabolism pathways. Alternative splicing of this gene results in three tissue-specific forms of glucokinase, one found in pancreatic islet beta cells and two found in liver. The protein localizes to the outer membrane of mitochondria. In contrast to other forms of hexokinase, this enzyme is not inhibited by its product glucose-6-phosphate but remains active while glucose is abundant. Mutations in this gene have been associated with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), maturity onset diabetes of the young, type 2 (MODY2) and persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy (PHHI). [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2009]

External links

Ensembl, UniProt, Entrez gene, neXtProt, Antibodypedia

No of splice variants

5 in total
0 with predicted TM region
0 with predicted signal peptide

SUBCELLULAR LOCATION SUMMARY

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Main location(s)

Cytoplasm, Golgi apparatus

Additional location(s)

 

Staining summary

Localized to the Golgi apparatus and cytoplasm.

Reliability (APE)

Low

Antibodies in assay

HPA007034, HPA007093
 

NORMAL TISSUE & ORGAN SUMMARY

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Expression summary

Cytoplasmic expression in all tissues at variable levels. Highest levels in glandular epithelia of gastrointestinal tract.

Tissue specificity

Expressed in 79 out of 79 cell types

Reliability (APE)

Low

Antibodies in assay

HPA007034, HPA007093
 

Organ

No of cell types

Protein expression

CNS (brain) 11
Hematopoietic (blood) 8
Liver and pancreas 5
Digestive (GI-tract) 13
Respiratory (lung) 4
Cardiovascular 1
Female tissues 11
Placenta 2
Male tissues 5
Urinary tract (kidney) 3
Skin and soft tissues 13
Endocrine tissues 3

Level of annotated protein expression





High
Medium
Low
None

CANCER TISSUE SUMMARY

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Staining summary

Antibody staining in 97% of the cancers

Antibodies in assay

HPA007034, HPA007093
 

Tissue

Cancer staining

Protein
expression of
normal tissue

Breast cancer
 
Carcinoid
 
Cervical cancer
 
Colorectal cancer
 
 
Endometrial cancer
 
 
Glioma
 
Head and neck cancer
 
 
Liver cancer
 
 
Lung cancer
 
 
Lymphoma
 
 
 

Tissue

Cancer staining

Protein
expression of
normal tissue

Melanoma
 
Ovarian cancer
 
Pancreatic cancer
 
Prostate cancer
 
Renal cancer
 
Skin cancer
 
Stomach cancer
 
 
Testis cancer
 
Thyroid cancer
 
Urothelial cancer
 

Level of antibody staining





Strong
Moderate
Weak
Negative

CELL LINE SUMMARY

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RNA evidence

Low
 

Cell line

Cell origin

RNA abundance

IH staining

IF intensity

HPA007034

HPA007093

HPA007034

HPA007093

A-431 Skin Not detected
WeakModerate
A-549 Lung Not detected
CACO-2 Colon Not detected
HEK 293 Embryonal kidney Not detected
HeLa Cervix Not detected
Hep-G2 Liver Not detected
MCF-7 Pleural effusion Not detected
PC-3 Bone marrow Not detected
RT-4 Urinary bladder Not detected
U-2 OS Bone Low
WeakModerate
U-251 MG Brain Not detected
WeakModerate

ANTIBODY SUMMARY

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Antibody

Clonality

Validation

HPA007034 pAb
HPA007093 pAb