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GENE AND PROTEIN SUMMARY

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Gene name

CRYAB

Description

crystallin, alpha B

Protein class

Candidate cancer biomarkers, Mapped to UniProt SWISS-PROT, Potential transmembrane proteins

Protein evidence

High

Entrez gene summary

Crystallins are separated into two classes: taxon-specific, or enzyme, and ubiquitous. The latter class constitutes the major proteins of vertebrate eye lens and maintains the transparency and refractive index of the lens. Since lens central fiber cells lose their nuclei during development, these crystallins are made and then retained throughout life, making them extremely stable proteins. Mammalian lens crystallins are divided into alpha, beta, and gamma families; beta and gamma crystallins are also considered as a superfamily. Alpha and beta families are further divided into acidic and basic groups. Seven protein regions exist in crystallins: four homologous motifs, a connecting peptide, and N- and C-terminal extensions. Alpha crystallins are composed of two gene products: alpha-A and alpha-B, for acidic and basic, respectively. Alpha crystallins can be induced by heat shock and are members of the small heat shock protein (sHSP also known as the HSP20) family. They act as molecular chaperones although they do not renature proteins and release them in the fashion of a true chaperone; instead they hold them in large soluble aggregates. Post-translational modifications decrease the ability to chaperone. These heterogeneous aggregates consist of 30-40 subunits; the alpha-A and alpha-B subunits have a 3:1 ratio, respectively. Two additional functions of alpha crystallins are an autokinase activity and participation in the intracellular architecture. Alpha-A and alpha-B gene products are differentially expressed; alpha-A is preferentially restricted to the lens and alpha-B is expressed widely in many tissues and organs. Elevated expression of alpha-B crystallin occurs in many neurological diseases; a missense mutation cosegregated in a family with a desmin-related myopathy. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

External links

Ensembl, UniProt, Entrez gene, neXtProt, Antibodypedia

No of splice variants

15 in total
1 with predicted TM region
0 with predicted signal peptide

SUBCELLULAR LOCATION SUMMARY

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Main location(s)

Plasma membrane, Cytoplasm

Additional location(s)

 

Staining summary

Localized to plasma membrane and cytoplasm.

Reliability (APE)

High

Antibodies in assay

CAB002053, CAB040560
 

NORMAL TISSUE & ORGAN SUMMARY

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Expression summary

Selective cytoplasmic expression in several different tissues, distinct expression in peripheral nerves.

Tissue specificity

Expressed in 25 out of 83 cell types

Reliability (APE)

Medium

Antibodies in assay

CAB002053, HPA028724, CAB040560
 

Organ

No of cell types

Protein expression

CNS (brain) 11
Hematopoietic (blood) 8
Liver and pancreas 5
Digestive (GI-tract) 13
Respiratory (lung) 4
Cardiovascular 1
Female tissues 13
Placenta 2
Male tissues 5
Urinary tract (kidney) 3
Skin and soft tissues 15
Endocrine tissues 3

Level of annotated protein expression





High
Medium
Low
None

CANCER TISSUE SUMMARY

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Staining summary

Antibody staining in 47% of the cancers

Antibodies in assay

CAB002053, HPA028724, CAB040560
 

Tissue

Cancer staining

Protein
expression of
normal tissue

Breast cancer
 
Carcinoid
 
Cervical cancer
 
 
Colorectal cancer
 
 
Endometrial cancer
 
 
Glioma
 
Head and neck cancer
 
 
Liver cancer
 
 
Lung cancer
 
 
Lymphoma
 
 
 

Tissue

Cancer staining

Protein
expression of
normal tissue

Melanoma
 
Ovarian cancer
 
Pancreatic cancer
 
Prostate cancer
 
Renal cancer
 
Skin cancer
 
Stomach cancer
 
 
Testis cancer
 
Thyroid cancer
 
Urothelial cancer
 

Level of antibody staining





Strong
Moderate
Weak
Negative

CELL LINE SUMMARY

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RNA evidence

High
 

Cell line

Cell origin

RNA abundance

IH staining

IF intensity

CAB002053

HPA028724

CAB040560

CAB002053

CAB040560

A-431 Skin Not detected
NegativeNegative
A-549 Lung Not detected
CACO-2 Colon Low
HEK 293 Embryonal kidney Not detected
HeLa Cervix Medium
Hep-G2 Liver Medium
MCF-7 Pleural effusion Not detected
PC-3 Bone marrow Low
RT-4 Urinary bladder Low
U-2 OS Bone High
ModerateStrong
U-251 MG Brain Low
ModerateNegative

ANTIBODY SUMMARY

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Antibody

Clonality

Validation

CAB002053 mAb
HPA028724 pAb
CAB040560 mAb