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GENE AND PROTEIN SUMMARY
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The gene and protein summary section shows the gene name and corresponding gene description, parent protein classes for the encoded proteins, and a gene summary from the National Center for Biotechnology Information.
The number of alternative transcripts (splice variants) encoded by the gene, based on the Ensembl database, is reported, together with the number of splice variants with predicted transmembrane regions according to the majority decision method, as well as the number of splice variants with predicted signal peptide according to a majority of the signal peptide predictors SPOCTOPUS, SignalP 4.0 and Phobius.
The "More Gene Data"-button can be used to access the detailed Gene and Protein view, containing more information about the gene and encoded proteins.
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Gene name |
CRYAB |
Description |
crystallin, alpha B |
Protein class |
Candidate cancer biomarkers, Mapped to UniProt SWISS-PROT, Potential transmembrane proteins |
Protein evidence |
High |
Entrez gene summary |
Crystallins are separated into two classes: taxon-specific, or enzyme, and ubiquitous. The latter class constitutes the major proteins of vertebrate eye lens and maintains the transparency and refractive index of the lens. Since lens central fiber cells lose their nuclei during development, these crystallins are made and then retained throughout life, making them extremely stable proteins. Mammalian lens crystallins are divided into alpha, beta, and gamma families; beta and gamma crystallins are also considered as a superfamily. Alpha and beta families are further divided into acidic and basic groups. Seven protein regions exist in crystallins: four homologous motifs, a connecting peptide, and N- and C-terminal extensions. Alpha crystallins are composed of two gene products: alpha-A and alpha-B, for acidic and basic, respectively. Alpha crystallins can be induced by heat shock and are members of the small heat shock protein (sHSP also known as the HSP20) family. They act as molecular chaperones although they do not renature proteins and release them in the fashion of a true chaperone; instead they hold them in large soluble aggregates. Post-translational modifications decrease the ability to chaperone. These heterogeneous aggregates consist of 30-40 subunits; the alpha-A and alpha-B subunits have a 3:1 ratio, respectively. Two additional functions of alpha crystallins are an autokinase activity and participation in the intracellular architecture. Alpha-A and alpha-B gene products are differentially expressed; alpha-A is preferentially restricted to the lens and alpha-B is expressed widely in many tissues and organs. Elevated expression of alpha-B crystallin occurs in many neurological diseases; a missense mutation cosegregated in a family with a desmin-related myopathy. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
External links |
Ensembl, UniProt, Entrez gene, neXtProt, Antibodypedia |
No of splice variants |
15 in total 1 with predicted TM region 0 with predicted signal peptide |
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SUBCELLULAR LOCATION SUMMARY
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The subcellular location summary section shows the main subcellular location of the encoded proteins and any additional locations. Additional locations are characterized by either a markedly lower staining intensity than the main location, or that it was only observed in a subset of the cell lines. A short summary of the annotated protein location is also given. A description of the assay and annotation can be found here.
The summary data can be based on one or more antibodies (reported by the "Antibodies in assay"-field). If the data is based on one single antibody, the IF validation score for that antibody is reported in the "Reliability (Single)"-field (color-coding described here). If the data is based on more than one antibody, the reliability score for the data is reported as "Reliability ( APE)" (color-coding described here). If the data is based on one automatically selected antibody (best IF score among available antibodies), the IF validation score for that antibody is reported as Reliability (selected) (color-coding described here).
The image to the left is a representative image for the subcellular location of the protein.
The "More Subcell Data"-button can be used to access the Subcellular location view, with more detailed information on the subcellular location of the protein in different cell lines, including all images.
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The subcellular location summary section shows the main subcellular location of the encoded proteins and any additional locations. Additional locations are characterized by either a markedly lower staining intensity than the main location, or that it was only observed in a subset of the cell lines. A short summary of the annotated protein location is also given. A description of the assay and annotation can be found here.
The summary data can be based on one or more antibodies (reported by the "Antibodies in assay"-field). If the data is based on one single antibody, the IF validation score for that antibody is reported in the "Reliability (Single)"-field (color-coding described here). If the data is based on more than one antibody, the reliability score for the data is reported as "Reliability (APE)" (color-coding described here). If the data is based on one automatically selected antibody (best IF score among available antibodies), the IF validation score for that antibody is reported as Reliability (selected) (color-coding described here).
The image to the left is a representative image for the subcellular location of the protein.
The "More Subcell Data"-button can be used to access the Subcellular location view, with more detailed information on the subcellular location of the protein in different cell lines, including all images. |
Show image »
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Main location(s) |
Plasma membrane, Cytoplasm |
Additional location(s) |
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Staining summary |
Localized to plasma membrane and cytoplasm. |
Reliability (APE) |
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Antibodies in assay |
CAB002053, CAB040560 |
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NORMAL TISSUE & ORGAN SUMMARY
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The normal tissue & organ summary section shows a summary of the antibody staining or the protein expression in a number of human tissues and organs. A description of the assay and annotation can be found here. A summary text summarizes the protein expression/antibody staining data.
The normal tissue profile gives the number of cell types with expression/staining out of the total number of analysed cell types. The summary data can be based on one or more antibodies (reported by the "Antibodies in assay"-field). If the data is based on one single antibody, the IH validation score for that antibody is reported as "Reliability (Single)" (color-coding described here). If the data is based on more than one antibody, the reliability score for the data is reported as "Reliability ( APE)" (color-coding described here).
If the normal tissue & organ summary section is in yellow color scale, the values represent antibody staining from one single antibody. If the section is in blue scale, the values represent knowledge-based annotated protein expression based on two or more antibodies.
The analysed normal tissues are grouped into organs, and the number of annotated cell types for each organ type is given, followed by the annotated protein expression (blue color scale) or antibody staining (yellow color scale) in the annotated cell types. The intensity of the color represents the relative level of expression/staining, as described by the scale in the box to the right. In the bars, the fraction of the protein expression/antibody staining with certain intensity represents the percentage of the analysed cell types with that relative expression/staining.
In the example above ( ELF3), there are ten cell types annotated for female tissues. Two of the cell types have an annotated high level of protein expression. One of the cell types has medium level of protein expression and one cell type has a low level of protein expression, while the remaining six cell types do not express this protein.
The image to the left is a representative image for the antibody staining.
The "More Tissue Data"-button can be used to access the Normal tissue view, with detailed protein expression/antibody staining data on cell type level, including links to all annotated images.
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Show image »
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Expression summary |
Selective cytoplasmic expression in several different tissues, distinct expression in peripheral nerves. |
Tissue specificity |
Expressed in 25 out of 83 cell types |
Reliability (APE) |
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Antibodies in assay |
CAB002053, HPA028724, CAB040560 |
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Organ |
No of cell types |
Protein expression |
| CNS (brain) |
11 |
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| Hematopoietic (blood) |
8 |
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| Liver and pancreas |
5 |
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| Digestive (GI-tract) |
13 |
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| Respiratory (lung) |
4 |
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| Cardiovascular |
1 |
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| Female tissues |
13 |
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| Placenta |
2 |
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| Male tissues |
5 |
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| Urinary tract (kidney) |
3 |
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| Skin and soft tissues |
15 |
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| Endocrine tissues |
3 |
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Level of annotated protein expression
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High Medium Low None |
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CANCER TISSUE SUMMARY
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The cancer tissue summary section shows a summary of antibody staining in numerous different cancer tissues. A description of the assay and annotation can be found here. The staining summary reports the percent of analysed samples where antibody staining could be detected. For each cancer tissue, the relative level of antibody staining for the analysed samples using the available antibodies is reported in the antibody staining bar (as described by the scale in the box to the right). To the right of the bar is the antibody staining (if yellow color scale)/annotated protein expression (if blue color scale) for the corresponding normal cell types. For malignant melanoma and ovary cancer there are no corresponding normal cell types.
The "More Cancer Data"-button can be used to access the Cancer tissue view, with detailed antibody staining data for each analysed cancer sample, including links to all annotated images.
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Staining summary |
Antibody staining in 47% of the cancers |
Antibodies in assay |
CAB002053, HPA028724, CAB040560 |
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Tissue |
Cancer staining |
Protein expression of normal tissue |
| Breast cancer |
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| Carcinoid |
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| Cervical cancer |
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| Colorectal cancer |
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| Endometrial cancer |
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| Glioma |
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| Head and neck cancer |
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| Liver cancer |
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| Lung cancer |
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| Lymphoma |
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Tissue |
Cancer staining |
Protein expression of normal tissue |
| Melanoma |
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| Ovarian cancer |
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| Pancreatic cancer |
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| Prostate cancer |
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| Renal cancer |
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| Skin cancer |
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| Stomach cancer |
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| Testis cancer |
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| Thyroid cancer |
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| Urothelial cancer |
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Level of antibody staining
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Strong Moderate Weak Negative |
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CELL LINE SUMMARY
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The cell line summary section reports RNA-seq data and antibody staining for eleven human cell lines of different origin. The RNA abundance in each of the cell lines is reported using FPKM levels. The "More RNA Data"-button under the RNA column can be used to access the RNA page with more detailed RNA data.
The level of immunohistochemistry staining of the cell lines (two samples per cell line and antibody) is reported using a yellow color scale (levels described by the color scale in the box to the right). A description of the assay and the annotation can be found here. The "More IH Data"-button under the IH staining column can be used to access the Cell line page with antibody staining data and links to images for numerous different cell lines.
The intensity of the immunofluorescent staining per cell line and antibody is reported as IF intensity, using the same color scale as for the immunohistochemisty staining. A description of the assay and the annotation can be found here. The "More IF Data"-button under the IF intensity column can be used to access the Subcellular location page with more detailed data, including images.
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Cell line |
Cell origin |
RNA abundance |
IH staining |
IF intensity |
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CAB002053 |
HPA028724 |
CAB040560 |
CAB002053 |
CAB040560 |
| A-431 |
Skin |
Not detected |
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| A-549 |
Lung |
Not detected |
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| CACO-2 |
Colon |
Low |
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| HEK 293 |
Embryonal kidney |
Not detected |
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| HeLa |
Cervix |
Medium |
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| Hep-G2 |
Liver |
Medium |
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| MCF-7 |
Pleural effusion |
Not detected |
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| PC-3 |
Bone marrow |
Low |
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| RT-4 |
Urinary bladder |
Low |
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| U-2 OS |
Bone |
High |
| | | Moderate | Strong |
| U-251 MG |
Brain |
Low |
| | | Moderate | Negative |
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ANTIBODY SUMMARY
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The antibody summary section shows the antibodies that have been used for the antibody-based assays. Their clonality (pAb = polyclonal, mAb = monoclonal, msAb = monospecific) is given, together with the validation score for each performed assay (IH = immunohistochemistry, IF = immunofluorescence, WB = Western blot, PA = protein array).
The validation procedure and color codes are explained here.
The "Also mapped to"-column is displayed if the antigen used for the generation of the antibody has >=80% sequence identity to a protein from another gene. If so, a link is given to the other matched gene(s) in the Human Protein Atlas. The maximum sequence identity (%) of the antigen to the matched protein(s) encoded by that gene is given in parenthesis.
The "More Antibody Data"-button can be used to access the Antibody/Antigen view, with more detailed validation results.
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Antibody |
Clonality |
Validation |
| CAB002053 |
mAb |
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| HPA028724 |
pAb |
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| CAB040560 |
mAb |
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