The antibody and antigen information page lists the antigens and corresponding antibodies that have been used in the Human Protein Atlas project, together with the validation results for the antibodies.

In-house generated antibodies have the prefix "HPA". Antibodies provided by external distributors have the prefix "CAB". Links to providers for the antibodies are listed under antibody information, as well as the product name of the antibody as given by the provider.

The host species and the clonality (pAb = polyclonal, mAb = monoclonal, msAb = monospecific) of the antibody as well as the purification method is reported. The Human Protein Atlas version in which the antibody was first released is given.

The antigen type, length (amino acid residues) and sequence is reported (if available) under antigen information. The percent identity (if >=80%) of the antigen sequence to the different proteins encoded by this gene and a link to the corresponding protein on the Ensembl website is listed. Any matches with >=80% sequence identity to proteins from other Ensembl human genes are reported as "Other gene match" together with a link to that gene in the Human Protein Atlas and the maximum sequence identity (%) of the antigen to the matched protein(s) encoded by that gene.

The antibody validation section reports the results from different assays. For immunohistochemistry, the image shown is a selected tissue with representative staining for this antibody. This image is clickable for enlarged view. Images from all tissues analysed using this antibody are found under the Normal tissue and Cancer tissue headings in the menu to the left. There is also a short summary describing the observed staining patterns using this antibody for immunohistochemistry in a panel of human tissues (see annotation). The validation scoring of the antibody is described here.

For Western blot, the images for supportive and uncertain validations are shown (validation description), and the different lanes are described (WB description). The image is clickable for enlarged view. The expected target mass for the targeted proteins is also listed.

For in-house generated (HPA) antibodies, a protein array assay is performed. The image is a diagram showing the specificity analysis using a number of different Protein Epitope Signature Tags (PrESTs), including the target PrEST (marked in green). The validation is described here.

For the subcellular analysis using immunoflourescence, a representative image from the validation is shown, together with a summary of the staining. The validation is described here.

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The antigen view displays the antigen location on the target protein(s) and the features of the target protein. The tabs at the top of the protein view section can be used to switch between the different splice variants to which an antigen has been mapped.

At the top of the protein view, the position of the antigen (identified by the corresponding HPA identifier) is shown as a green bar. A yellow triangle on the bar indicates a <100% sequence identity to the protein target.

Under the antigens, the maximum percent sequence identity of the protein to all other proteins from other human genes is displayed, using a sliding window of 10 aa residues (HsID 10) or 50 aa residues (HsID 50) (read more).

Any predicted signal peptide (turquoise) and transmembrane regions (orange) using a number of different prediction methods (Phobius, TMHMM, SPOCTOPUS, SCAMPI_m, THUMBUP, MEMSAT3, MEMSAT-SVM, GPCR-HMM, MDM, SignalP) are displayed. The color of the lines connecting the features represents predicted inside (red)/outside (blue) loop.

Low complexity regions are shown in yellow and InterPro regions in green.

Common (purple) and unique (grey) regions between alternative processed transcripts from the same gene are also displayed (read more), and at the bottom of the protein view is the protein scale.

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