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GENE AND PROTEIN SUMMARY

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Gene name

CCND2

Description

cyclin D2

Protein class

Candidate cancer biomarkers, Mapped to UniProt SWISS-PROT, Mutated genes in cancer, Potential transmembrane proteins, Potentially secreted proteins

Protein evidence

High

Entrez gene summary

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the highly conserved cyclin family, whose members are characterized by a dramatic periodicity in protein abundance through the cell cycle. Cyclins function as regulators of CDK kinases. Different cyclins exhibit distinct expression and degradation patterns which contribute to the temporal coordination of each mitotic event. This cyclin forms a complex with and functions as a regulatory subunit of CDK4 or CDK6, whose activity is required for cell cycle G1/S transition. This protein has been shown to interact with and be involved in the phosphorylation of tumor suppressor protein Rb. Knockout studies of the homologous gene in mouse suggest the essential roles of this gene in ovarian granulosa and germ cell proliferation. High level expression of this gene was observed in ovarian and testicular tumors. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008]

External links

Ensembl, UniProt, Entrez gene, neXtProt, Antibodypedia

No of splice variants

2 in total
0 with predicted TM region
0 with predicted signal peptide

SUBCELLULAR LOCATION SUMMARY

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Main location(s)

Nucleus but not nucleoli

Additional location(s)

 

Staining summary

Staining of nucleus in CACO-2 and Hep-G2.

Reliability (Single)

Antibodies in assay

HPA049138
 

NORMAL TISSUE & ORGAN SUMMARY

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Staining summary

Moderate cytoplasmic and/or nuclear positivity was displayed in gastrointestinal glands, heart myocytes, epididymis and Purkinje cells. Superficial layers of squamous epithelial cells and renal tubules showed moderate membranous and cytoplasmic immunoreactivity. Remaining normal tissues were weakly stained or negative.

Tissue specificity

Staining in 32 out of 80 cell types

Reliability (Single)

Antibodies in assay

HPA049138
 

Organ

No of cell types

Antibody staining

CNS (brain) 11
Hematopoietic (blood) 8
Liver and pancreas 5
Digestive (GI-tract) 13
Respiratory (lung) 4
Cardiovascular 1
Female tissues 13
Placenta 1
Male tissues 5
Urinary tract (kidney) 3
Skin and soft tissues 13
Endocrine tissues 3

Level of antibody staining





Strong
Moderate
Weak
Negative

CANCER TISSUE SUMMARY

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Staining summary

Antibody staining in 42% of the cancers

Antibodies in assay

HPA049138
 

Tissue

Cancer staining

Normal tissue
staining

Breast cancer
 
Carcinoid
 
Cervical cancer
 
 
Colorectal cancer
 
 
Endometrial cancer
 
 
Glioma
 
Head and neck cancer
 
 
Liver cancer
 
 
Lung cancer
 
 
Lymphoma
 
 
 

Tissue

Cancer staining

Normal tissue
staining

Melanoma
 
Ovarian cancer
 
Pancreatic cancer
 
Prostate cancer
 
Renal cancer
 
Skin cancer
 
Stomach cancer
 
 
Testis cancer
 
Thyroid cancer
 
Urothelial cancer
 

Level of antibody staining





Strong
Moderate
Weak
Negative

CELL LINE SUMMARY

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RNA evidence

High
 

Cell line

Cell origin

RNA abundance

IH staining

IF intensity

HPA049138

HPA049138

A-431 Skin Low
A-549 Lung Not detected
CACO-2 Colon High
Weak
HEK 293 Embryonal kidney Low
HeLa Cervix Not detected
Hep-G2 Liver Low
Weak
MCF-7 Pleural effusion Not detected
PC-3 Bone marrow Low
RT-4 Urinary bladder Medium
U-2 OS Bone High
Negative
U-251 MG Brain Low

ANTIBODY SUMMARY

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Antibody

Clonality

Validation

HPA049138 pAb