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GENE AND PROTEIN SUMMARY

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Gene name

GALM

Description

galactose mutarotase (aldose 1-epimerase)

Protein class

Enzymes, Mapped to UniProt SWISS-PROT

Protein evidence

Medium

Entrez gene summary

This gene encodes an enzyme that catalyzes the epimerization of hexose sugars such as glucose and galactose. The encoded protein is expressed in the cytoplasm and has a preference for galactose. The encoded protein may be required for normal galactose metabolism by maintaining the equilibrium of alpha and beta anomers of galactose.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009]

External links

Ensembl, UniProt, Entrez gene, neXtProt, Antibodypedia

No of splice variants

5 in total
0 with predicted TM region
0 with predicted signal peptide

SUBCELLULAR LOCATION SUMMARY

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Main location(s)

Nucleus but not nucleoli, Golgi apparatus

Additional location(s)

Cell Junctions 

Staining summary

Staining of the Golgi apparatus and cell junctions in A-431 and of nucleus in U-251 MG.

Reliability (Single)

Antibodies in assay

HPA035472
 

NORMAL TISSUE & ORGAN SUMMARY

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Staining summary

Most normal cells showed moderate to strong cytoplasmic staining. Squamous epithelia and cells in the CNS as well as most lymphoid and female genital cells were weakly stained or negative.

Tissue specificity

Staining in 49 out of 80 cell types

Reliability (Single)

Antibodies in assay

HPA035472
 

Organ

No of cell types

Antibody staining

CNS (brain) 11
Hematopoietic (blood) 8
Liver and pancreas 5
Digestive (GI-tract) 13
Respiratory (lung) 4
Cardiovascular 1
Female tissues 12
Placenta 2
Male tissues 5
Urinary tract (kidney) 3
Skin and soft tissues 13
Endocrine tissues 3

Level of antibody staining





Strong
Moderate
Weak
Negative

CANCER TISSUE SUMMARY

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Staining summary

Antibody staining in 44% of the cancers

Antibodies in assay

HPA035472
 

Tissue

Cancer staining

Normal tissue
staining

Breast cancer
 
Carcinoid
 
Cervical cancer
 
 
Colorectal cancer
 
 
Endometrial cancer
 
 
Glioma
 
Head and neck cancer
 
 
Liver cancer
 
 
Lung cancer
 
 
Lymphoma
 
 
 

Tissue

Cancer staining

Normal tissue
staining

Melanoma
 
Ovarian cancer
 
Pancreatic cancer
 
Prostate cancer
 
Renal cancer
 
Skin cancer
 
Stomach cancer
 
 
Testis cancer
 
Thyroid cancer
 
Urothelial cancer
 

Level of antibody staining





Strong
Moderate
Weak
Negative

CELL LINE SUMMARY

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RNA evidence

High
 

Cell line

Cell origin

RNA abundance

IH staining

IF intensity

 

HPA035472

A-431 Skin Low

-

Weak
A-549 Lung Medium

-

CACO-2 Colon High

-

HEK 293 Embryonal kidney Medium

-

HeLa Cervix Medium

-

Hep-G2 Liver High

-

MCF-7 Pleural effusion Low

-

PC-3 Bone marrow Medium

-

RT-4 Urinary bladder High

-

U-2 OS Bone Low

-

Weak
U-251 MG Brain Low

-

Negative

ANTIBODY SUMMARY

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Antibody

Clonality

Validation

HPA035472 pAb