GPC3 protein expression summary - The Human Protein Atlas

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GPC3

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HUMAN PROTEIN ATLAS SUMMARYⁱ General description of the gene and the encoded protein(s) using information from HGNC and Ensembl, as well as predictions made by the Human Protein Atlas project.
Proteinⁱ Full gene name according to HGNC.	Glypican 3
Gene nameⁱ Official gene symbol, which is typically a short form of the gene name, according to HGNC.	GPC3 (DGSX, OCI-5, SDYS, SGB, SGBS, SGBS1)
Tissue specificityⁱ The RNA specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed samples based on a combination of data from HPA, GTEX and FANTOM5. The categories include: tissue enriched, group enriched, tissue enhanced, low tissue specificity and not detected. Read more	Tissue enriched (placenta)
Single cell type specificityⁱ The RNA specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed cell types based on scRNA-seq data from normal tissues. The categories include: cell type enriched, group enriched, cell type enhanced, low cell type specificity and not detected. Read more	Cell type enhanced (Fibroblasts, Syncytiotrophoblasts, Muller glia cells)
Blood specificityⁱ The RNA specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed blood cell samples based on data from HPA. The categories include: cell type enriched, group enriched, cell type enhanced, low cell type specificity and not detected. Read more	Group enriched (naive CD4 T-cell, naive CD8 T-cell, NK-cell)
Brain specificityⁱ The regional specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed brain samples, grouped into 10 main brain regions and calculated for the three different species. The human brain expression profile is based on a combination of data from GTEX and FANTOM5. The specificity categories include: regionally enriched, group enriched, regionally enhanced, low regional specificity and not detected. The classification rules are the same used for the tissue specificity category. Read more	Low human brain regional specificity
Cancer prognostic summary	Prognostic marker in stomach cancer (unfavorable)
Predicted locationⁱ All transcripts of all genes have been analyzed regarding the location(s) of corresponding protein based on prediction methods for signal peptides and transmembrane regions. Genes with at least one transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, according to prediction methods or to UniProt location data, have been further annotated and classified with the aim to determine if the corresponding protein(s) are secreted or actually retained in intracellular locations or membrane-attached. Remaining genes, with no transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, will be assigned the prediction-based location(s). The annotated location overrules the predicted location, so that a gene encoding a predicted secreted protein that has been annotated as intracellular will have intracellular as the final location. Read more	Intracellular, Membrane (different isoforms)
Subcellular summaryⁱ The main location is characterized by presence in all tested cell lines and/or increased intensity compared to other locations. Additional locations are characterized by either a markedly lower staining intensity than the main location, or that it is only observed in a subset of the cell lines.	Located in Plasma membrane
Protein function (UniProt)ⁱ Useful information about the protein provided by UniProt.	Cell surface proteoglycan that bears heparan sulfate 1. Negatively regulates the hedgehog signaling pathway when attached via the GPI-anchor to the cell surface by competing with the hedgehog receptor PTC1 for binding to hedgehog proteins (By similarity). Binding to the hedgehog protein SHH triggers internalization of the complex by endocytosis and its subsequent lysosomal degradation (By similarity). Positively regulates the canonical Wnt signaling pathway by binding to the Wnt receptor Frizzled and stimulating the binding of the Frizzled receptor to Wnt ligands 2, 3. Positively regulates the non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway (By similarity). Binds to CD81 which decreases the availability of free CD81 for binding to the transcriptional repressor HHEX, resulting in nuclear translocation of HHEX and transcriptional repression (By similarity). Inhibits the dipeptidyl peptidase activity of DPP4 4. Plays a role in limb patterning and skeletal development by controlling the cellular response to BMP4 (By similarity). Modulates the effects of growth factors BMP2, BMP7 and FGF7 on renal branching morphogenesis (By similarity). Required for coronary vascular development (By similarity). Plays a role in regulating cell movements during gastrulation (By similarity).... show less
Molecular function (UniProt)ⁱ Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins due to their particular molecular function.	Protease inhibitor
Disease involvementⁱ Disease related keywords assigned by UniProt combined with Cancer-related genes and FDA approved drug targets Read more	Cancer-related genes, Disease mutation
Gene summary (Entrez)ⁱ Useful information about the gene from Entrez	Cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans are composed of a membrane-associated protein core substituted with a variable number of heparan sulfate chains. Members of the glypican-related integral membrane proteoglycan family (GRIPS) contain a core protein anchored to the cytoplasmic membrane via a glycosyl phosphatidylinositol linkage. These proteins may play a role in the control of cell division and growth regulation. The protein encoded by this gene can bind to and inhibit the dipeptidyl peptidase activity of CD26, and it can induce apoptosis in certain cell types. Deletion mutations in this gene are associated with Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome, also known as Simpson dysmorphia syndrome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009]... show less

TISSUE ATLASⁱ Summary of data presented in the Tissue Atlas and representative images of protein expression (left) and mRNA expression (right). The images are clickable and will redirect to more Tissue Atlas data. The Tissue Atlas contains information regarding the expression profiles of protein-coding genes in normal human tissue, both on the mRNA and protein level. The protein expression data is derived from antibody-based protein profiling using immunohistochemistry. Read more

Tissue specificity (RNA)ⁱ The RNA specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed samples based on a combination of data from HPA, GTEX and FANTOM5. The categories include: tissue enriched, group enriched, tissue enhanced, low tissue specificity and not detected. Read more	Tissue enriched (placenta)
Tissue distribution (RNA)ⁱ The RNA distribution category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed samples based on a combination of data from HPA, GTEX and FANTOM5. The categories include: detected in all, detected in many, detected in some, detected in single and not detected. Read more	Detected in many

SINGLE CELL TYPE ATLASⁱ Summary of data presented in the Cell Type Atlas and an interactive image showing mRNA expression in cell type groups e.g. epithelial cells and germ cells. The image is clickable and will redirect to more Cell Type Atlas data. The Cell Type Atlas contains information about single cell type RNA expression based on scRNAseq of human tissues. The data also covers transcriptomics analysis of human blood and cultured cell lines. Read more

Cell type specificityⁱ The RNA specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed cell types based on scRNA-seq data from normal tissues. The categories include: cell type enriched, group enriched, cell type enhanced, low cell type specificity and not detected. Read more	Cell type enhanced (Fibroblasts, Syncytiotrophoblasts, Muller glia cells)
Cell line specificityⁱ RNA specificity category based on RNA sequencing data from all cell lines in the Human Protein Atlas. Genes are classified into six different categories (enriched, group enriched, enhanced, low specificity and not detected) according to their RNA expression levels across the panel of cell lines.	Group enriched (HAP1, Hep G2)

PATHOLOGY ATLASⁱ Summary of data presented in the Pathology Atlas , with representative images of protein expression in cancer (left) and correlation between mRNA expression and patient survival (right). Images are clickable and redirect to pages with more Pathology Atlas data. The Pathology Atlas contains mRNA and protein expression data from 17 different forms of human cancer, as well as correlation analysis of mRNA expression and patient survival. The protein expression data is derived from antibody-based protein profiling using immunohistochemistry. Read more
Stomach cancer p<0.001
Prognostic summary	Prognostic marker in stomach cancer (unfavorable)
Cancer specificity (RNA)ⁱ Specificity of RNA expression in 17 cancer types is categorized as either cancer enriched, group enriched, cancer enhanced, low cancer specificity and not detected. Read more	Cancer enhanced (liver cancer)
Cancer distribution (RNA)ⁱ Distribution of RNA expression in 17 cancer types is categorized as either detected in single, detected in some, detected in many, detected in all, or not detected. Read more	Detected in all

BRAIN ATLASⁱ Summary of data presented in the Brain Atlas and a representative image of mRNA expression in the human brain. The image is clickable and will redirect to more Brain Atlas data. The Brain Atlas explores the protein expression in the mammalian brain by visualization and integration of data from three mammalian species (human, pig and mouse). Transcriptomics data combined with affinity-based protein in situ localization down to single cell level is available in a brain-centric sub atlas of the Human Protein Atlas. Read more

Human regional specificityⁱ The regional specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed brain samples, grouped into 10 main brain regions and calculated for the three different species. The human brain expression profile is based on a combination of data from GTEX and FANTOM5. The specificity categories include: regionally enriched, group enriched, regionally enhanced, low regional specificity and not detected. The classification rules are the same used for the tissue specificity category. Read more	Low region specificity
Pig regional specificityⁱ The regional specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed brain samples, grouped into 10 main brain regions and calculated for the three different species. The human brain expression profile is based on a combination of data from GTEX and FANTOM5. The specificity categories include: regionally enriched, group enriched, regionally enhanced, low regional specificity and not detected. The classification rules are the same used for the tissue specificity category. Read more	Low region specificity
Mouse regional specificityⁱ The regional specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed brain samples, grouped into 10 main brain regions and calculated for the three different species. The human brain expression profile is based on a combination of data from GTEX and FANTOM5. The specificity categories include: regionally enriched, group enriched, regionally enhanced, low regional specificity and not detected. The classification rules are the same used for the tissue specificity category. Read more	Low region specificity

BLOOD ATLASⁱ Summary of data presented in the Blood Atlas and a representative image of mRNA expression in immune cells in the blood. The image is clickable and will redirect to more Blood Atlas data. The Blood Atlas contains single cell type RNA information covering various immune cells in the blood, e.g. B-cells and granulocytes. Analysis of the human secretome (including annotation of the genes predicted to be actively secreted to human blood) and proteins detected in human blood are also presented. Read more

Secretome annotationⁱ All genes with at least one predicted secreted isoform have been annotated and classified with the aim to determine if the corresponding protein(s) are: secreted into blood locally secreted or actually being attached to membrane or retained in intracellular locations like mitochondria, endoplasmatic reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus or lysosomes. Read more	Intracellular and membrane
Immune cell specificityⁱ The RNA specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed samples based on data from HPA. The categories include: cell type enriched, group enriched, cell type enhanced, low cell type specificity and not detected. Read more	Group enriched (naive CD4 T-cell, naive CD8 T-cell, NK-cell)
Detected in blood by immunoassayⁱ The blood-based immunoassay category applies to actively secreted proteins and is based on plasma or serum protein concentrations established with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, compiled from a literature search. The categories include: detected and not detected, where detection refers to a concentration found in the literature search. Read more	No (not applicable)
Detected in blood by mass spectrometryⁱ Detection or not of the gene in blood, based on spectral count estimations from a publicly available mass spectrometry-based plasma proteomics data set obtained from the PeptideAtlas.	No

CELL ATLASⁱ Summary of data presented in the Cell Atlas and a representative image of subcellular localization. The Cell Atlas provides RNA expression data derived from RNA sequencing of a large panel of cell lines and protein localization data derived from antibody-based profiling by immunofluorescence confocal microscopy, using a subset of cell lines selected based on RNA expression. Read more

Main locationⁱ Main subcellular location(s) and reliability score(s) for the encoded protein(s) in human cells. The main location(s) may be characterized by presence in all tested cell lines and/or ihigher staining intensity compared to the potential additional location(s). If available, links to overrepresentation analyses in Reactome, a free, open-source, curated and peer reviewed biological pathway database, are provided. An analysis is done for the corresponding gene set of the proteome localizing to the main and additional locations of the protein on this page, respectively. Read more	Localized to the Plasma membrane
Cell cycle dependencyⁱ Cell-cycle dependance of single-cell varations in RNA and/or protein expression as observed in an additional assay for characterizing single-cell varations. "NA" indicates a lack of such data. Read more	NA

GENE INFORMATIONⁱ Gene information from Ensembl and Entrez, as well as links to available gene identifiers are displayed here. Information was retrieved from Ensembl if not indicated otherwise.
Gene name	GPC3 (HGNC Symbol)
Synonyms	DGSX, OCI-5, SDYS, SGB, SGBS, SGBS1
Description	Glypican 3 (HGNC Symbol)
Chromosome	X
Cytoband	q26.2
Chromosome location (bp)	133535745 - 133985895
Number of transcriptsⁱ Number of protein-coding transcripts from the gene as defined by Ensembl.	4
Protein evidence	Evidence at protein level (all genes)
Protein classⁱ Assigned HPA protein class(es) for the encoded protein(s). Read more	Cancer-related genes Disease related genes
Ensembl	ENSG00000147257 (version 92.38)
Entrez gene	2719
UniProt	P51654 (UniProt - Evidence at protein level)
neXtProt	NX_P51654
Antibodypedia	GPC3 antibodies

PROTEIN BROWSERⁱ

GPC3-201

GPC3-202

GPC3-203

GPC3-204

PROTEIN INFORMATIONⁱ The protein information section displays alternative protein-coding transcripts (splice variants) encoded by this gene according to the Ensembl database. The ENSP identifier links to the Ensembl website protein summary, while the ENST identifier links to the Ensembl website transcript summary for the selected splice variant. The data in the UniProt column can be expanded to show links to all matching UniProt identifiers for this protein. The protein classes assigned to this protein are shown if expanding the data in the protein class column. Parent protein classes are in bold font and subclasses are listed under the parent class. The Gene Ontology terms assigned to this protein are listed if expanding the Gene ontology column. The length of the protein (amino acid residues according to Ensembl), molecular mass (kDalton), predicted signal peptide (according to a majority of the signal peptide predictors SPOCTOPUS, SignalP 4.0, and Phobius) and the number of predicted transmembrane region(s) (according to MDM) are also reported.
Splice variant	UniProt	Protein class	Gene ontology	Length & mass	Signal peptide (predicted)	Transmembrane regions (predicted)
GPC3-201 ENSP00000359854 ENST00000370818	P51654 [Direct mapping] Glypican-3 Secreted glypican-3 I6QTG3 [Target identity:100%; Query identity:100%] Glypican 3 isoform 2; Glypican 3, isoform CRA_b Show all	Predicted membrane proteins Prediction method-based Membrane proteins predicted by MDM MEMSAT3 predicted membrane proteins MEMSAT-SVM predicted membrane proteins Phobius predicted membrane proteins SCAMPI predicted membrane proteins SPOCTOPUS predicted membrane proteins # TM segments-based 1TM proteins predicted by MDM Cancer-related genes Candidate cancer biomarkers COSMIC somatic mutations in cancer genes COSMIC Splicing Mutations COSMIC Nonsense Mutations COSMIC Missense Mutations COSMIC Large Deletions COSMIC Germline Mutations COSMIC Frameshift Mutations Disease related genes Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level Protein evidence (Peptideatlas) Show all	GO:0001523 [retinoid metabolic process] GO:0005515 [protein binding] GO:0005576 [extracellular region] GO:0005578 [proteinaceous extracellular matrix] GO:0005615 [extracellular space] GO:0005788 [endoplasmic reticulum lumen] GO:0005796 [Golgi lumen] GO:0005886 [plasma membrane] GO:0005887 [integral component of plasma membrane] GO:0006024 [glycosaminoglycan biosynthetic process] GO:0006027 [glycosaminoglycan catabolic process] GO:0009653 [anatomical structure morphogenesis] GO:0009966 [regulation of signal transduction] GO:0010466 [negative regulation of peptidase activity] GO:0016020 [membrane] GO:0030203 [glycosaminoglycan metabolic process] GO:0030414 [peptidase inhibitor activity] GO:0031225 [anchored component of membrane] GO:0043202 [lysosomal lumen] GO:0043395 [heparan sulfate proteoglycan binding] GO:0043687 [post-translational protein modification] GO:0044267 [cellular protein metabolic process] GO:0046658 [anchored component of plasma membrane] GO:0060422 [peptidyl-dipeptidase inhibitor activity] GO:0070062 [extracellular exosome] GO:0072138 [mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in ureteric bud development] Show all	580 aa 65.6 kDa	Yes	1
GPC3-202 ENSP00000377836 ENST00000394299	P51654 [Direct mapping] Glypican-3 Secreted glypican-3 Show all	Predicted membrane proteins Prediction method-based Membrane proteins predicted by MDM MEMSAT3 predicted membrane proteins MEMSAT-SVM predicted membrane proteins Phobius predicted membrane proteins SCAMPI predicted membrane proteins SPOCTOPUS predicted membrane proteins # TM segments-based 1TM proteins predicted by MDM Cancer-related genes Candidate cancer biomarkers COSMIC somatic mutations in cancer genes COSMIC Splicing Mutations COSMIC Nonsense Mutations COSMIC Missense Mutations COSMIC Large Deletions COSMIC Germline Mutations COSMIC Frameshift Mutations Disease related genes Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level Protein evidence (Peptideatlas) Show all	GO:0001523 [retinoid metabolic process] GO:0001658 [branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis] GO:0001822 [kidney development] GO:0005515 [protein binding] GO:0005576 [extracellular region] GO:0005578 [proteinaceous extracellular matrix] GO:0005615 [extracellular space] GO:0005764 [lysosome] GO:0005788 [endoplasmic reticulum lumen] GO:0005796 [Golgi lumen] GO:0005886 [plasma membrane] GO:0005887 [integral component of plasma membrane] GO:0006024 [glycosaminoglycan biosynthetic process] GO:0006027 [glycosaminoglycan catabolic process] GO:0008285 [negative regulation of cell proliferation] GO:0009653 [anatomical structure morphogenesis] GO:0009887 [animal organ morphogenesis] GO:0009948 [anterior/posterior axis specification] GO:0009966 [regulation of signal transduction] GO:0010171 [body morphogenesis] GO:0010466 [negative regulation of peptidase activity] GO:0016020 [membrane] GO:0030203 [glycosaminoglycan metabolic process] GO:0030282 [bone mineralization] GO:0030316 [osteoclast differentiation] GO:0030324 [lung development] GO:0030414 [peptidase inhibitor activity] GO:0030513 [positive regulation of BMP signaling pathway] GO:0031225 [anchored component of membrane] GO:0035116 [embryonic hindlimb morphogenesis] GO:0040008 [regulation of growth] GO:0043202 [lysosomal lumen] GO:0043395 [heparan sulfate proteoglycan binding] GO:0043687 [post-translational protein modification] GO:0044267 [cellular protein metabolic process] GO:0045732 [positive regulation of protein catabolic process] GO:0045807 [positive regulation of endocytosis] GO:0045879 [negative regulation of smoothened signaling pathway] GO:0045880 [positive regulation of smoothened signaling pathway] GO:0045926 [negative regulation of growth] GO:0046326 [positive regulation of glucose import] GO:0046658 [anchored component of plasma membrane] GO:0050680 [negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation] GO:0060422 [peptidyl-dipeptidase inhibitor activity] GO:0060976 [coronary vasculature development] GO:0070062 [extracellular exosome] GO:0072111 [cell proliferation involved in kidney development] GO:0072138 [mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in ureteric bud development] GO:0072180 [mesonephric duct morphogenesis] GO:0072203 [cell proliferation involved in metanephros development] GO:0090090 [negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway] GO:2000096 [positive regulation of Wnt signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway] Show all	603 aa 68.4 kDa	Yes	1
GPC3-203 ENSP00000385307 ENST00000406757	H0Y3U6 [Direct mapping] Glypican-3 Show all	Predicted intracellular proteins Intracellular proteins predicted by MDM and MDSEC Cancer-related genes COSMIC somatic mutations in cancer genes COSMIC Splicing Mutations COSMIC Nonsense Mutations COSMIC Missense Mutations COSMIC Large Deletions COSMIC Germline Mutations COSMIC Frameshift Mutations Show all	GO:0005578 [proteinaceous extracellular matrix] GO:0005886 [plasma membrane] GO:0009966 [regulation of signal transduction] GO:0016020 [membrane] GO:0031225 [anchored component of membrane] GO:0046658 [anchored component of plasma membrane] Show all	256 aa 29 kDa	No	0
GPC3-204 ENSP00000486325 ENST00000631057	P51654 [Direct mapping] Glypican-3 Secreted glypican-3 Show all	Predicted membrane proteins Prediction method-based Membrane proteins predicted by MDM MEMSAT3 predicted membrane proteins MEMSAT-SVM predicted membrane proteins Phobius predicted membrane proteins SCAMPI predicted membrane proteins SPOCTOPUS predicted membrane proteins # TM segments-based 1TM proteins predicted by MDM Cancer-related genes Candidate cancer biomarkers COSMIC somatic mutations in cancer genes COSMIC Splicing Mutations COSMIC Nonsense Mutations COSMIC Missense Mutations COSMIC Large Deletions COSMIC Germline Mutations COSMIC Frameshift Mutations Disease related genes Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level Protein evidence (Peptideatlas) Show all	GO:0001523 [retinoid metabolic process] GO:0005515 [protein binding] GO:0005576 [extracellular region] GO:0005578 [proteinaceous extracellular matrix] GO:0005615 [extracellular space] GO:0005788 [endoplasmic reticulum lumen] GO:0005796 [Golgi lumen] GO:0005886 [plasma membrane] GO:0005887 [integral component of plasma membrane] GO:0006024 [glycosaminoglycan biosynthetic process] GO:0006027 [glycosaminoglycan catabolic process] GO:0009653 [anatomical structure morphogenesis] GO:0009966 [regulation of signal transduction] GO:0010466 [negative regulation of peptidase activity] GO:0016020 [membrane] GO:0030203 [glycosaminoglycan metabolic process] GO:0030414 [peptidase inhibitor activity] GO:0031225 [anchored component of membrane] GO:0043202 [lysosomal lumen] GO:0043395 [heparan sulfate proteoglycan binding] GO:0043687 [post-translational protein modification] GO:0044267 [cellular protein metabolic process] GO:0046658 [anchored component of plasma membrane] GO:0060422 [peptidyl-dipeptidase inhibitor activity] GO:0070062 [extracellular exosome] GO:0072138 [mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in ureteric bud development] Show all	526 aa 59.5 kDa	Yes	1

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