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GENE AND PROTEIN SUMMARY

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Gene name

AR

Description

androgen receptor

Protein class

Candidate cancer biomarkers, Mapped to UniProt SWISS-PROT, Potential transmembrane proteins, Transcription factors

Protein evidence

High

Entrez gene summary

The androgen receptor gene is more than 90 kb long and codes for a protein that has 3 major functional domains: the N-terminal domain, DNA-binding domain, and androgen-binding domain. The protein functions as a steroid-hormone activated transcription factor. Upon binding the hormone ligand, the receptor dissociates from accessory proteins, translocates into the nucleus, dimerizes, and then stimulates transcription of androgen responsive genes. This gene contains 2 polymorphic trinucleotide repeat segments that encode polyglutamine and polyglycine tracts in the N-terminal transactivation domain of its protein. Expansion of the polyglutamine tract causes spinal bulbar muscular atrophy (Kennedy disease). Mutations in this gene are also associated with complete androgen insensitivity (CAIS). Two alternatively spliced variants encoding distinct isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

External links

Ensembl, UniProt, Entrez gene, neXtProt, Antibodypedia

No of splice variants

5 in total
0 with predicted TM region
0 with predicted signal peptide

SUBCELLULAR LOCATION SUMMARY

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Pending subcellular analysis

NORMAL TISSUE & ORGAN SUMMARY

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Show image »

Staining summary

Strong nuclear immunoreactivity was observed in nuclei of breast, epididymis and seminal vesicle. Nuclear staining of moderate intensity was also observed in skin, fallopian tube and endometrial stroma. Remaining normal tissues were negative.

Tissue specificity

Staining in 14 out of 76 cell types

Reliability (Single)

Antibodies in assay

CAB000001
 

Organ

No of cell types

Antibody staining

CNS (brain) 11
Hematopoietic (blood) 7
Liver and pancreas 5
Digestive (GI-tract) 13
Respiratory (lung) 4
Cardiovascular 1
Female tissues 12
Placenta 2
Male tissues 4
Urinary tract (kidney) 3
Skin and soft tissues 11
Endocrine tissues 3

Level of antibody staining





Strong
Moderate
Weak
Negative

CANCER TISSUE SUMMARY

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Staining summary

Antibody staining in 22% of the cancers

Antibodies in assay

CAB000001
 

Tissue

Cancer staining

Normal tissue
staining

Breast cancer
 
Carcinoid
 
Cervical cancer
 
 
Colorectal cancer
 
 
Endometrial cancer
 
 
Glioma
 
Head and neck cancer
 
 
Liver cancer
 
 
Lung cancer
 
 
Lymphoma
 
 
 

Tissue

Cancer staining

Normal tissue
staining

Melanoma
 
Ovarian cancer
 
Pancreatic cancer
 
Prostate cancer
 
Renal cancer
 
Skin cancer
 
Stomach cancer
 
 
Testis cancer
 
Thyroid cancer
 
Urothelial cancer
 

Level of antibody staining





Strong
Moderate
Weak
Negative

CELL LINE SUMMARY

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RNA evidence

Low
 

Cell line

Cell origin

RNA abundance

IH staining

IF intensity

CAB000001

 

A-431 Skin Not detected

-

A-549 Lung Low

-

CACO-2 Colon Low

-

HEK 293 Embryonal kidney Low

-

HeLa Cervix Low

-

Hep-G2 Liver Not detected

-

MCF-7 Pleural effusion Low

-

PC-3 Bone marrow Low

-

RT-4 Urinary bladder Not detected

-

U-2 OS Bone Low

-

U-251 MG Brain Low

-

ANTIBODY SUMMARY

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Antibody

Clonality

Validation

CAB000001 mAb