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GENE AND PROTEIN SUMMARY

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Gene name

APEX2

Description

APEX nuclease (apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease) 2

Protein class

Enzymes, Mapped to UniProt SWISS-PROT, Transcription factors

Protein evidence

High

Entrez gene summary

Apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites occur frequently in DNA molecules by spontaneous hydrolysis, by DNA damaging agents or by DNA glycosylases that remove specific abnormal bases. AP sites are pre-mutagenic lesions that can prevent normal DNA replication so the cell contains systems to identify and repair such sites. Class II AP endonucleases cleave the phosphodiester backbone 5' to the AP site. This gene encodes a protein shown to have a weak class II AP endonuclease activity. Most of the encoded protein is located in the nucleus but some is also present in mitochondria. This protein may play an important role in both nuclear and mitochondrial base excision repair. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2012]

External links

Ensembl, UniProt, Entrez gene, neXtProt, Antibodypedia

No of splice variants

1 in total
0 with predicted TM region
0 with predicted signal peptide

SUBCELLULAR LOCATION SUMMARY

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Main location(s)

Nucleus but not nucleoli, Cytoplasm

Additional location(s)

 

Staining summary

Staining of nucleus and cytoplasm in U-251 MG and A-431.

Reliability (Single)

Antibodies in assay

HPA030872
 

NORMAL TISSUE & ORGAN SUMMARY

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Staining summary

Strong cytoplasmic positivity was observed in cardiac myocytes while skeletal muscle cells showed moderate cytoplasmic and nuclear membranous staining. Superficial layers in esophageal and vaginal epithelia displayed moderate cytoplasmic and membranous immunoreactivity. Remaining normal tissues were negative.

Tissue specificity

Staining in 4 out of 79 cell types

Reliability (Single)

Antibodies in assay

HPA030872
 

Organ

No of cell types

Antibody staining

CNS (brain) 11
Hematopoietic (blood) 7
Liver and pancreas 5
Digestive (GI-tract) 13
Respiratory (lung) 4
Cardiovascular 1
Female tissues 12
Placenta 2
Male tissues 4
Urinary tract (kidney) 3
Skin and soft tissues 14
Endocrine tissues 3

Level of antibody staining





Strong
Moderate
Weak
Negative

CANCER TISSUE SUMMARY

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Staining summary

Antibody staining in 0% of the cancers

Antibodies in assay

HPA030872
 

Tissue

Cancer staining

Normal tissue
staining

Breast cancer
 
Carcinoid
 
Cervical cancer
 
 
Colorectal cancer
 
 
Endometrial cancer
 
 
Glioma
 
Head and neck cancer
 
 
Liver cancer
 
 
Lung cancer
 
 
Lymphoma
 
 
 

Tissue

Cancer staining

Normal tissue
staining

Melanoma
 
Ovarian cancer
 
Pancreatic cancer
 
Prostate cancer
 
Renal cancer
 
Skin cancer
 
Stomach cancer
 
 
Testis cancer
 
Thyroid cancer
 
Urothelial cancer
 

Level of antibody staining





Strong
Moderate
Weak
Negative

CELL LINE SUMMARY

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RNA evidence

High
 

Cell line

Cell origin

RNA abundance

IH staining

IF intensity

 

HPA030872

A-431 Skin High

-

Moderate
A-549 Lung High

-

CACO-2 Colon Medium

-

HEK 293 Embryonal kidney Medium

-

HeLa Cervix Medium

-

Hep-G2 Liver Medium

-

MCF-7 Pleural effusion High

-

PC-3 Bone marrow High

-

RT-4 Urinary bladder Medium

-

U-2 OS Bone Medium

-

Negative
U-251 MG Brain Medium

-

Weak

ANTIBODY SUMMARY

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Antibody

Clonality

Validation

HPA030872 pAb