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GENE AND PROTEIN SUMMARY

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Gene name

PARL

Description

presenilin associated, rhomboid-like

Protein class

Enzymes, Mapped to UniProt SWISS-PROT, Peptidases, Potential transmembrane proteins, Potentially secreted proteins

Protein evidence

High

Entrez gene summary

This gene encodes a mitochondrial integral membrane protein. Following proteolytic processing of this protein, a small peptide (P-beta) is formed and translocated to the nucleus. This gene may be involved in signal transduction via regulated intramembrane proteolysis of membrane-tethered precursor proteins. Variation in this gene has been associated with increased risk for type 2 diabetes. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

External links

Ensembl, UniProt, Entrez gene, neXtProt, Antibodypedia

No of splice variants

8 in total
5 with predicted TM region
0 with predicted signal peptide

SUBCELLULAR LOCATION SUMMARY

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Main location(s)

Mitochondria

Additional location(s)

 

Staining summary

Staining of mitochondria in A-431.

Reliability (Single)

Antibodies in assay

HPA019545
 

NORMAL TISSUE & ORGAN SUMMARY

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Staining summary

Most normal tissues displayed weak to moderate cytoplasmic positivity. The exocrine pancreas was strongly stained. Ovarian and endometrial stroma cells were negative.

Tissue specificity

Staining in 50 out of 76 cell types

Reliability (Single)

Antibodies in assay

HPA019545
 

Organ

No of cell types

Antibody staining

CNS (brain) 11
Hematopoietic (blood) 6
Liver and pancreas 5
Digestive (GI-tract) 13
Respiratory (lung) 4
Cardiovascular 1
Female tissues 11
Placenta 2
Male tissues 5
Urinary tract (kidney) 3
Skin and soft tissues 12
Endocrine tissues 3

Level of antibody staining





Strong
Moderate
Weak
Negative

CANCER TISSUE SUMMARY

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Staining summary

Antibody staining in 72% of the cancers

Antibodies in assay

HPA019545
 

Tissue

Cancer staining

Normal tissue
staining

Breast cancer
 
Carcinoid
 
Cervical cancer
 
 
Colorectal cancer
 
 
Endometrial cancer
 
 
Glioma
 
Head and neck cancer
 
 
Liver cancer
 
 
Lung cancer
 
 
Lymphoma
 
 
 

Tissue

Cancer staining

Normal tissue
staining

Melanoma
 
Ovarian cancer
 
Pancreatic cancer
 
Prostate cancer
 
Renal cancer
 
Skin cancer
 
Stomach cancer
 
 
Testis cancer
 
Thyroid cancer
 
Urothelial cancer
 

Level of antibody staining





Strong
Moderate
Weak
Negative

CELL LINE SUMMARY

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RNA evidence

High
 

Cell line

Cell origin

RNA abundance

IH staining

IF intensity

HPA019545

HPA019545

A-431 Skin High
Weak
A-549 Lung High
CACO-2 Colon High
HEK 293 Embryonal kidney High
HeLa Cervix Medium
Hep-G2 Liver High
MCF-7 Pleural effusion High
PC-3 Bone marrow High
RT-4 Urinary bladder High
U-2 OS Bone High
U-251 MG Brain High

ANTIBODY SUMMARY

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Antibody

Clonality

Validation

HPA019545 pAb