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GENE AND PROTEIN SUMMARY

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Gene name

TXNRD1

Description

thioredoxin reductase 1

Protein class

Candidate cancer biomarkers, Enzymes, Mapped to UniProt SWISS-PROT, Potential transmembrane proteins, Potentially secreted proteins

Protein evidence

High

Entrez gene summary

This gene encodes a member of the family of pyridine nucleotide oxidoreductases. This protein reduces thioredoxins as well as other substrates, and plays a role in selenium metabolism and protection against oxidative stress. The functional enzyme is thought to be a homodimer which uses FAD as a cofactor. Each subunit contains a selenocysteine (Sec) residue which is required for catalytic activity. The selenocysteine is encoded by the UGA codon that normally signals translation termination. The 3' UTR of selenocysteine-containing genes have a common stem-loop structure, the sec insertion sequence (SECIS), that is necessary for the recognition of UGA as a Sec codon rather than as a stop signal. Alternative splicing results in several transcript variants encoding the same or different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

External links

Ensembl, UniProt, Entrez gene, neXtProt, Antibodypedia

No of splice variants

24 in total
0 with predicted TM region
0 with predicted signal peptide

SUBCELLULAR LOCATION SUMMARY

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Main location(s)

Nucleus, Cytoplasm

Additional location(s)

Nucleoli 

Staining summary

Localized to the nucleus and cytoplasm.

Reliability (APE)

High

Antibodies in assay

HPA001395, CAB004607, CAB015834
 

NORMAL TISSUE & ORGAN SUMMARY

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Expression summary

Ubiquitous cytoplasmic expression.

Tissue specificity

Expressed in 80 out of 80 cell types

Reliability (APE)

Medium

Antibodies in assay

HPA001395, CAB004607, CAB015834
 

Organ

No of cell types

Protein expression

CNS (brain) 11
Hematopoietic (blood) 8
Liver and pancreas 5
Digestive (GI-tract) 13
Respiratory (lung) 4
Cardiovascular 1
Female tissues 13
Placenta 2
Male tissues 5
Urinary tract (kidney) 3
Skin and soft tissues 12
Endocrine tissues 3

Level of annotated protein expression





High
Medium
Low
None

CANCER TISSUE SUMMARY

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Staining summary

Antibody staining in 77% of the cancers

Antibodies in assay

HPA001395, CAB004607, CAB015834
 

Tissue

Cancer staining

Protein
expression of
normal tissue

Breast cancer
 
Carcinoid
 
Cervical cancer
 
 
Colorectal cancer
 
 
Endometrial cancer
 
 
Glioma
 
Head and neck cancer
 
 
Liver cancer
 
 
Lung cancer
 
 
Lymphoma
 
 
 

Tissue

Cancer staining

Protein
expression of
normal tissue

Melanoma
 
Ovarian cancer
 
Pancreatic cancer
 
Prostate cancer
 
Renal cancer
 
Skin cancer
 
Stomach cancer
 
 
Testis cancer
 
Thyroid cancer
 
Urothelial cancer
 

Level of antibody staining





Strong
Moderate
Weak
Negative

CELL LINE SUMMARY

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RNA evidence

High
 

Cell line

Cell origin

RNA abundance

IH staining

IF intensity

HPA001395

CAB004607

CAB015834

HPA001395

CAB004607

CAB015834

A-431 Skin High
WeakNegativeWeak
A-549 Lung High
CACO-2 Colon High
HEK 293 Embryonal kidney High
HeLa Cervix High
Hep-G2 Liver High
MCF-7 Pleural effusion High
PC-3 Bone marrow High
RT-4 Urinary bladder High
U-2 OS Bone High
WeakNegative
U-251 MG Brain High
WeakNegative

ANTIBODY SUMMARY

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Antibody

Clonality

Validation

CAB004607 mAb
CAB015834 pAb
HPA001395 pAb