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GENE AND PROTEIN SUMMARY

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Gene name

GPR56

Description

G protein-coupled receptor 56

Protein class

G-protein coupled receptors, Mapped to UniProt SWISS-PROT, Potential transmembrane proteins, Potentially secreted proteins

Protein evidence

Medium

Entrez gene summary

This gene encodes a member of the G protein-coupled receptor family. The protein contains 7 transmembrane domains and a mucin-like domain in the N-terminal region. The gene is implicated in the regulation of brain cortical patterning. The protein binds specifically to transglutaminase 2 in the extracellular space. Expression of this gene is downregulated in melanoma cell lines, and overexpression of this gene can suppress tumor growth and metastasis. Mutations in this gene result in bilateral frontoparietal polymicrogyria. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009]

External links

Ensembl, UniProt, Entrez gene, neXtProt, Antibodypedia

No of splice variants

70 in total
14 with predicted TM region
67 with predicted signal peptide

SUBCELLULAR LOCATION SUMMARY

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Pending subcellular analysis

NORMAL TISSUE & ORGAN SUMMARY

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Staining summary

Most normal tissues showed weak to moderate cytoplasmic and nuclear staining with additional membranous positivity in several cases. Intestinal tract and bronchus exhibited strong immunoreactivity. Cells in CNS were mainly negative.

Tissue specificity

Staining in 57 out of 76 cell types

Reliability (Single)

Antibodies in assay

HPA046065
 

Organ

No of cell types

Antibody staining

CNS (brain) 11
Hematopoietic (blood) 8
Liver and pancreas 5
Digestive (GI-tract) 13
Respiratory (lung) 4
Cardiovascular 1
Female tissues 11
Placenta 1
Male tissues 5
Urinary tract (kidney) 3
Skin and soft tissues 12
Endocrine tissues 2

Level of antibody staining





Strong
Moderate
Weak
Negative

CANCER TISSUE SUMMARY

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Staining summary

Antibody staining in 64% of the cancers

Antibodies in assay

HPA046065
 

Tissue

Cancer staining

Normal tissue
staining

Breast cancer
 
Carcinoid
 
Cervical cancer
 
Colorectal cancer
 
 
Endometrial cancer
 
 
Glioma
 
Head and neck cancer
 
 
Liver cancer
 
 
Lung cancer
 
 
Lymphoma
 
 
 

Tissue

Cancer staining

Normal tissue
staining

Melanoma
 
Ovarian cancer
 
Pancreatic cancer
 
Prostate cancer
 
Renal cancer
 
Skin cancer
 
Stomach cancer
 
 
Testis cancer
 
Thyroid cancer
 
Urothelial cancer
 

Level of antibody staining





Strong
Moderate
Weak
Negative

CELL LINE SUMMARY

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RNA evidence

High
 

Cell line

Cell origin

RNA abundance

IH staining

IF intensity

HPA046065

 

A-431 Skin High

-

A-549 Lung High

-

CACO-2 Colon High

-

HEK 293 Embryonal kidney Not detected

-

HeLa Cervix High

-

Hep-G2 Liver High

-

MCF-7 Pleural effusion High

-

PC-3 Bone marrow High

-

RT-4 Urinary bladder High

-

U-2 OS Bone Medium

-

U-251 MG Brain High

-

ANTIBODY SUMMARY

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Antibody

Clonality

Validation

HPA046065 pAb