The normal tissue page shows antibody staining and, when available, knowledge-based annotated protein expression in 46 human tissues. The assay and annotation is described here.
This page starts with a summary. The summary data can be based on one or more antibodies (reported by the "Antibodies in assay"-field). If the data is based on one single antibody, the IH validation score for that antibody is reported in the "Reliability (Single)"-field (color-coding described here). If the data is based on more than one antibody, the reliability score for the data is reported as "Reliability (APE)" (color-coding described here).
The tissues and cell types can be ordered by organ, cell type or alphabetically.
For each tissue and cell type, the antibody staining is given with the yellow-scale color-coding (described by the scale in the box to the right). Each available antibody is listed in a separate column and the antibody identifier is available at the bottom of the tissue list. The images and annotations can be accessed by clicking on the tissue name.
When available, a knowledge-based annotated protein expression (APE) is given to the right of the antibody staining values. The level of expression is given by a blue-scale color-coding (described by the scale in the box to the right).
At the very bottom of this page, a summary of the staining from each antibody is given, together with a representative image and the immunohistochemistry validation score for the antibody.
Cytoplasmic expression in a subset of cells types with highest expression in hepatocytes and squamous epithelial cells. Nuclear expression in hematopoietic cells and cells in seminiferus ducts. Distinct positivity in plasma.
Caution: Based on antibodies targeting proteins from multiple genes.
Immunohistochemical staining of human liver shows strong cytoplasmic positivity in hepatocytes.
Immunohistochemical staining of human liver shows moderate cytoplasmic positivity in hepatocytes.
Summary
Moderate to strong cytoplasmic positivity, often combined with nuclear staining, was observed in lung, hepatocytes, parathyroid, renal tubules, male genitalia cells and heart muscle. Remaining normal tissues were in general weakly stained or negative.
Distinct positivity was observed in plasma. Strong cytoplasmic and nuclear positivity was displayed in hematopoietic cells whereas subset of cells in seminiferus ducts of testis, heart myocytes and epididymis showed strong nuclear staining. Smooth muscle cells, hepatocytes and keratinocytes displayed moderate cytoplasmic positivity. Remaining normal tissues were weakly stained or generally negative.
Validation
One antibody yielding a staining pattern which is consistent with gene/protein characterization data
The multi-targeting antibody yielding a staining pattern partly consistent with gene/protein characterization data or consistent with limited gene/protein characterization data for all of the genes
