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SIRT2
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  • SUMMARY

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  • SIRT2
PROTEIN SUMMARY GENE INFORMATION RNA DATA ANTIBODY DATA
Hippocampal formation Amygdala Basal ganglia Midbrain Spinal cord Cerebral cortex Cerebellum Hypothalamus Choroid plexus Retina Thyroid gland Parathyroid gland Adrenal gland Pituitary gland Lung Salivary gland Esophagus Tongue Stomach Rectum Duodenum Small intestine Colon Liver Gallbladder Pancreas Kidney Urinary bladder Testis Epididymis Prostate Seminal vesicle Vagina Breast Cervix Endometrium Fallopian tube Ovary Placenta Heart muscle Skeletal muscle Smooth muscle Adipose tissue Skin Bone marrow Appendix Tonsil Thymus Lymph node Spleen
SIRT2 INFORMATION
Proteini

Full gene name according to HGNC.

Sirtuin 2
Gene namei

Official gene symbol, which is typically a short form of the gene name, according to HGNC.

SIRT2 (SIR2L)
Protein classi

Assigned HPA protein class(es) for the encoded protein(s).

Cancer-related genes
Enzymes
Metabolic proteins
Protein evidence Evidence at protein level (all genes)
Number of transcriptsi

Number of protein-coding transcripts from the gene as defined by Ensembl.

8
Protein interactions Interacting with 1 protein
PROTEIN EXPRESSION AND LOCALIZATION
Tissue profilei

A summary of the overall protein expression profile across the analyzed normal tissues based on knowledge-based annotation, presented in the Tissue resource.

"Estimation of protein expression could not be performed. View primary data." is shown for genes where available RNA-seq and gene/protein characterization data in combination with immunohistochemistry data has been evaluated as not sufficient to yield a reliable estimation of the protein expression profile.
Cytoplasmic expression in several tissues, most abundant in skeletal muscle.
Subcellular locationi

Main subcellular location based on data generated in the subcellular section of the Human Protein Atlas.

Localized to the Nucleoli, Cytosol In addition localized to the Nucleoplasm, Plasma membrane
Predicted locationi

All transcripts of all genes have been analyzed regarding the location(s) of corresponding protein based on prediction methods for signal peptides and transmembrane regions.

  • Genes with at least one transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, according to prediction methods or to UniProt location data, have been further annotated and classified with the aim to determine if the corresponding protein(s) are secreted or actually retained in intracellular locations or membrane-attached.

  • Remaining genes, with no transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, will be assigned the prediction-based location(s).

The annotated location overrules the predicted location, so that a gene encoding a predicted secreted protein that has been annotated as intracellular will have intracellular as the final location.

Intracellular
TISSUE RNA EXPRESSION
Tissue specificityi

The RNA specificity category is based on normalized mRNA expression levels in the consensus dataset, calculated from the RNA expression levels in samples from HPA and GTEX. The categories include: tissue enriched, group enriched, tissue enhanced, low tissue specificity and not detected.

Group enriched (Brain, Skeletal muscle, Tongue)
Tissue expression clusteri

The RNA data was used to cluster genes according to their expression across tissues. Clusters contain genes that have similar expression patterns, and each cluster has been manually annotated to describe common features in terms of function and specificity.

Non-specific - Basic cellular processes (mainly)
Brain specificityi

The regional specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analysed brain samples, grouped into 13 main brain regions and calculated for the three different species. All brain expression profiles are based on data from HPA. The specificity categories include: regionally enriched, group enriched, regionally enhanced, low regional specificity and not detected. The classification rules are the same used for the tissue specificity category

Low human brain regional specificity
Brain expression clusteri

The RNA data was used to cluster genes according to their expression across tissues. Clusters contain genes that have similar expression patterns, and each cluster has been manually annotated to describe common features in terms of function and specificity.

White matter - Myelination (mainly)
CELL TYPE RNA EXPRESSION
Single cell type specificityi

The RNA specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed cell types based on scRNA-seq data from normal tissues. The categories include: cell type enriched, group enriched, cell type enhanced, low cell type specificity and not detected.

Cell type enhanced (Early spermatids)
Single cell type
expression clusteri

The RNA data was used to cluster genes according to their expression across single cell types. Clusters contain genes that have similar expression patterns, and each cluster has been manually annotated to describe common features in terms of function and specificity.

Early spermatids - Spermatogenesis (mainly)
Tissue cell type classificationi

Genes can have enriched specificity in different cell types in one or several tissues, or be enriched in a core cell type that appears in many different tissues.

Cell type enriched (Skin - Keratinocyte (other), Testis - Late spermatids)
Immune cell specificityi

The RNA specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed samples based on data from HPA. The categories include: cell type enriched, group enriched, cell type enhanced, low cell type specificity and not detected.

Low immune cell specificity
Immune cell
expression clusteri

The RNA data was used to cluster genes according to their expression across single cell types. Clusters contain genes that have similar expression patterns, and each cluster has been manually annotated to describe common features in terms of function and specificity.

Non-specific - Membrane trafficking (mainly)
CANCER & CELL LINES
Prognostic summary SIRT2 is a prognostic marker in Kidney renal clear cell carcinoma
Cancer specificityi

Specificity of RNA expression in 17 cancer types is categorized as either cancer enriched, group enriched, cancer enhanced, low cancer specificity and not detected.

Low cancer specificity
Cell line
expression clusteri

The RNA data was used to cluster genes according to their expression across cell lines. Clusters contain genes that have similar expression patterns, and each cluster has been manually annotated to describe common features in terms of function and specificity.

Non-specific - Transcription (mainly)
Cell line specificityi

RNA specificity category based on RNA sequencing data from cancer cell lines in the Human Protein Atlas grouped according to type of cancer. Genes are classified into six different categories (enriched, group enriched, enhanced, low specificity and not detected) according to their RNA expression levels across the panel of cell lines.

Low cancer specificity
PROTEINS IN BLOOD
Detected in blood by
immunoassayi

The blood-based immunoassay category applies to actively secreted proteins and is based on plasma or serum protein concentrations established with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, compiled from a literature search. The categories include: detected and not detected, where detection refers to a concentration found in the literature search.

No (not applicable)
Detected in blood by
mass spectrometryi

Detection or not of the gene in blood, based on spectral count estimations from a publicly available mass spectrometry-based plasma proteomics data set obtained from the PeptideAtlas.

No
Detected in blood by
proximity extension assayi

Detection or not of the gene in blood, based on proximity extension assays (Olink) for a longitudinal wellness study covering 76 individuals with three visits during two years.

Yes
PROTEIN FUNCTION
Protein function (UniProt)i

Useful information about the protein provided by UniProt.

NAD-dependent protein deacetylase, which deacetylates internal lysines on histone and alpha-tubulin as well as many other proteins such as key transcription factors 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18. Participates in the modulation of multiple and diverse biological processes such as cell cycle control, genomic integrity, microtubule dynamics, cell differentiation, metabolic networks, and autophagy 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36. Plays a major role in the control of cell cycle progression and genomic stability 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42. Functions in the antephase checkpoint preventing precocious mitotic entry in response to microtubule stress agents, and hence allowing proper inheritance of chromosomes 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48. Positively regulates the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) ubiquitin ligase complex activity by deacetylating CDC20 and FZR1, then allowing progression through mitosis 49. Associates both with chromatin at transcriptional start sites (TSSs) and enhancers of active genes 50. Plays a role in cell cycle and chromatin compaction through epigenetic modulation of the regulation of histone H4 'Lys-20' methylation (H4K20me1) during early mitosis 51. Specifically deacetylates histone H4 at 'Lys-16' (H4K16ac) between the G2/M transition and metaphase enabling H4K20me1 deposition by KMT5A leading to ulterior levels of H4K20me2 and H4K20me3 deposition throughout cell cycle, and mitotic S-phase progression 52. Deacetylates KMT5A modulating KMT5A chromatin localization during the mitotic stress response 53. Deacetylates also histone H3 at 'Lys-57' (H3K56ac) during the mitotic G2/M transition 54. Upon bacterium Listeria monocytogenes infection, deacetylates 'Lys-18' of histone H3 in a receptor tyrosine kinase MET- and PI3K/Akt-dependent manner, thereby inhibiting transcriptional activity and promoting late stages of listeria infection 55. During oocyte meiosis progression, may deacetylate histone H4 at 'Lys-16' (H4K16ac) and alpha-tubulin, regulating spindle assembly and chromosome alignment by influencing microtubule dynamics and kinetochore function 56. Deacetylates histone H4 at 'Lys-16' (H4K16ac) at the VEGFA promoter and thereby contributes to regulate expression of VEGFA, a key regulator of angiogenesis 57. Deacetylates alpha-tubulin at 'Lys-40' and hence controls neuronal motility, oligodendroglial cell arbor projection processes and proliferation of non-neuronal cells 58, 59. Phosphorylation at Ser-368 by a G1/S-specific cyclin E-CDK2 complex inactivates SIRT2-mediated alpha-tubulin deacetylation, negatively regulating cell adhesion, cell migration and neurite outgrowth during neuronal differentiation 60. Deacetylates PARD3 and participates in the regulation of Schwann cell peripheral myelination formation during early postnatal development and during postinjury remyelination 61. Involved in several cellular metabolic pathways 62, 63, 64. Plays a role in the regulation of blood glucose homeostasis by deacetylating and stabilizing phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase PCK1 activity in response to low nutrient availability 65. Acts as a key regulator in the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) by deacetylating and activating the glucose-6-phosphate G6PD enzyme, and therefore, stimulates the production of cytosolic NADPH to counteract oxidative damage 66. Maintains energy homeostasis in response to nutrient deprivation as well as energy expenditure by inhibiting adipogenesis and promoting lipolysis 67. Attenuates adipocyte differentiation by deacetylating and promoting FOXO1 interaction to PPARG and subsequent repression of PPARG-dependent transcriptional activity 68. Plays a role in the regulation of lysosome-mediated degradation of protein aggregates by autophagy in neuronal cells 69. Deacetylates FOXO1 in response to oxidative stress or serum deprivation, thereby negatively regulating FOXO1-mediated autophagy 70. Deacetylates a broad range of transcription factors and co-regulators regulating target gene expression. Deacetylates transcriptional factor FOXO3 stimulating the ubiquitin ligase SCF(SKP2)-mediated FOXO3 ubiquitination and degradation (By similarity). Deacetylates HIF1A and therefore promotes HIF1A degradation and inhibition of HIF1A transcriptional activity in tumor cells in response to hypoxia 71. Deacetylates RELA in the cytoplasm inhibiting NF-kappaB-dependent transcription activation upon TNF-alpha stimulation 72. Inhibits transcriptional activation by deacetylating p53/TP53 and EP300 73, 74. Deacetylates also EIF5A 75. Functions as a negative regulator on oxidative stress-tolerance in response to anoxia-reoxygenation conditions 76. Plays a role as tumor suppressor 77. In addition to protein deacetylase activity, also has activity toward long-chain fatty acyl groups and mediates protein-lysine demyristoylation and depalmitoylation of target proteins, such as ARF6 and KRAS, thereby regulating their association with membranes 78, 79, 80.... show less
Molecular function (UniProt)i

Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins due to their particular molecular function.

Transferase
Biological process (UniProt)i

Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins because they are involved in a particular biological process.

Autophagy, Cell cycle, Cell division, Differentiation, Immunity, Innate immunity, Meiosis, Mitosis, Neurogenesis, Transcription, Transcription regulation
Ligand (UniProt)i

Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins because they bind, are associated with, or whose activity is dependent of some molecule.

Metal-binding, NAD, Zinc
Gene summary (Entrez)i

Useful information about the gene from Entrez

This gene encodes a member of the sirtuin family of proteins, homologs to the yeast Sir2 protein. Members of the sirtuin family are characterized by a sirtuin core domain and grouped into four classes. The functions of human sirtuins have not yet been determined; however, yeast sirtuin proteins are known to regulate epigenetic gene silencing and suppress recombination of rDNA. Studies suggest that the human sirtuins may function as intracellular regulatory proteins with mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase activity. The protein encoded by this gene is included in class I of the sirtuin family. Several transcript variants are resulted from alternative splicing of this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010]... show less

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