CTSG protein expression summary - The Human Protein Atlas

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CTSG

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CTSG

CTSG INFORMATION
Proteinⁱ Full gene name according to HGNC.	Cathepsin G
Gene nameⁱ Official gene symbol, which is typically a short form of the gene name, according to HGNC.	CTSG (CG)
Protein classⁱ Assigned HPA protein class(es) for the encoded protein(s). Read more	Enzymes Metabolic proteins Plasma proteins
Number of transcriptsⁱ Number of protein-coding transcripts from the gene as defined by Ensembl.	1
Protein evidence	Evidence at protein level (all genes)

PROTEIN EXPRESSION AND LOCALIZATION
Tissue profileⁱ A summary of the overall protein expression profile across the analyzed normal tissues based on knowledge-based annotation, presented in the Tissue section. "Estimation of protein expression could not be performed. View primary data." is shown for genes where available RNA-seq and gene/protein characterization data in combination with immunohistochemistry data has been evaluated as not sufficient to yield a reliable estimation of the protein expression profile.	Selective cytoplasmic expression in subsets of lymphoid and hematopoietic cells.
Subcellular location	Not available
Predicted locationⁱ All transcripts of all genes have been analyzed regarding the location(s) of corresponding protein based on prediction methods for signal peptides and transmembrane regions. Genes with at least one transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, according to prediction methods or to UniProt location data, have been further annotated and classified with the aim to determine if the corresponding protein(s) are secreted or actually retained in intracellular locations or membrane-attached. Remaining genes, with no transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, will be assigned the prediction-based location(s). The annotated location overrules the predicted location, so that a gene encoding a predicted secreted protein that has been annotated as intracellular will have intracellular as the final location. Read more	Intracellular

TISSUE RNA EXPRESSION
Tissue specificityⁱ The RNA specificity category is based on normalized mRNA expression levels in the consensus dataset, calculated from the RNA expression levels in samples from HPA and GTEX. The categories include: tissue enriched, group enriched, tissue enhanced, low tissue specificity and not detected. Read more	Tissue enriched (bone marrow)
Tissue expression clusterⁱ The RNA data was used to cluster genes according to their expression across tissues. Clusters contain genes that have similar expression patterns, and each cluster has been manually annotated to describe common features in terms of function and specificity. Read more	Neutrophils - Humoral immune response (mainly)
Brain specificityⁱ The regional specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analysed brain samples, grouped into 13 main brain regions and calculated for the three different species. All brain expression profiles are based on data from HPA. The specificity categories include: regionally enriched, group enriched, regionally enhanced, low regional specificity and not detected. The classification rules are the same used for the tissue specificity category Read more	Not detected in human brain
Single cell type specificityⁱ The RNA specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed cell types based on scRNA-seq data from normal tissues. The categories include: cell type enriched, group enriched, cell type enhanced, low cell type specificity and not detected. Read more	Cell type enriched (granulocytes)
Single cell type expression clusterⁱ The RNA data was used to cluster genes according to their expression across single cell types. Clusters contain genes that have similar expression patterns, and each cluster has been manually annotated to describe common features in terms of function and specificity. Read more	Granulocytes - Mast cell degranulation (mainly)
Tissue cell type classificationⁱ Genes can have enriched specificity in different cell types in one or several tissues, or be enriched in a core cell type that appears in many different tissues. Read more	Core cell type enriched (Mast cells, Fibroblasts, Neutrophils)

IMMUNE CELLS
Immune cell specificityⁱ The RNA specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed samples based on data from HPA. The categories include: cell type enriched, group enriched, cell type enhanced, low cell type specificity and not detected. Read more	Low immune cell specificity
Immune cell expression clusterⁱ The RNA data was used to cluster genes according to their expression across single cell types. Clusters contain genes that have similar expression patterns, and each cluster has been manually annotated to describe common features in terms of function and specificity. Read more	Neutrophils - Chromatin organization (mainly)

CANCER & CELL LINES
Prognostic summary	Prognostic marker in head and neck cancer (favorable) and urothelial cancer (unfavorable)	Head and neck cancer p<0.001
Cancer specificityⁱ Specificity of RNA expression in 17 cancer types is categorized as either cancer enriched, group enriched, cancer enhanced, low cancer specificity and not detected. Read more	Low cancer specificity
Cell line expression clusterⁱ The RNA data was used to cluster genes according to their expression across cell lines. Clusters contain genes that have similar expression patterns, and each cluster has been manually annotated to describe common features in terms of function and specificity. Read more	Myeloid cells - Innate immune response (mainly)
Cell line specificityⁱ RNA specificity category based on RNA sequencing data from cancer cell lines in the Human Protein Atlas grouped according to type of cancer. Genes are classified into six different categories (enriched, group enriched, enhanced, low specificity and not detected) according to their RNA expression levels across the panel of cell lines. Read more	Cancer enriched (Leukemia)

PROTEINS IN BLOOD
Detected in blood by immunoassayⁱ The blood-based immunoassay category applies to actively secreted proteins and is based on plasma or serum protein concentrations established with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, compiled from a literature search. The categories include: detected and not detected, where detection refers to a concentration found in the literature search. Read more	No (not applicable)
Detected in blood by mass spectrometryⁱ Detection or not of the gene in blood, based on spectral count estimations from a publicly available mass spectrometry-based plasma proteomics data set obtained from the PeptideAtlas.	Yes
Detected in blood by proximity extension assayⁱ Detection or not of the gene in blood, based on proximity extension assays (Olink) for a longitudinal wellness study covering 76 individuals with three visits during two years. Read more	No

PROTEIN FUNCTION
Protein function (UniProt)ⁱ Useful information about the protein provided by UniProt.	Serine protease with trypsin- and chymotrypsin-like specificity 1, 2. Also displays antibacterial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria independent of its protease activity 3, 4. Prefers Phe and Tyr residues in the P1 position of substrates but also cleaves efficiently after Trp and Leu 5. Shows a preference for negatively charged amino acids in the P2' position and for aliphatic amino acids both upstream and downstream of the cleavage site 6. Required for recruitment and activation of platelets which is mediated by the F2RL3/PAR4 platelet receptor 7, 8. Binds reversibly to and stimulates B cells and CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells 9, 10. Also binds reversibly to natural killer (NK) cells and enhances NK cell cytotoxicity through its protease activity 11, 12. Cleaves complement C3 13. Cleaves vimentin (By similarity). Cleaves thrombin receptor F2R/PAR1 and acts as either an agonist or an inhibitor, depending on the F2R cleavage site 14, 15. Cleavage of F2R at '41-Arg-\|- Ser-42' results in receptor activation while cleavage at '55-Phe-\|-Trp-56' results in inhibition of receptor activation 16. Cleaves the synovial mucin-type protein PRG4/lubricin 17. Cleaves and activates IL36G which promotes expression of chemokines CXCL1 and CXLC8 in keratinocytes 18. Cleaves IL33 into mature forms which have greater activity than the unprocessed form 19. Cleaves coagulation factor F8 to produce a partially activated form 20. Also cleaves and activates coagulation factor F10 21. Cleaves leukocyte cell surface protein SPN/CD43 to releases its extracellular domain and trigger its intramembrane proteolysis by gamma-secretase, releasing the CD43 cytoplasmic tail chain (CD43-ct) which translocates to the nucleus 22. Cleaves CCL5/RANTES to produce RANTES(4-68) lacking the N-terminal three amino acids which exhibits reduced chemotactic and antiviral activities 23. During apoptosis, cleaves SMARCA2/BRM to produce a 160 kDa cleavage product which localizes to the cytosol 24. Cleaves myelin basic protein MBP in B cell lysosomes at '224-Phe-\|-Lys-225' and '248-Phe-\|-Ser-249', degrading the major immunogenic MBP epitope and preventing the activation of MBP-specific autoreactive T cells 25. Cleaves annexin ANXA1 and antimicrobial peptide CAMP to produce peptides which act on neutrophil N-formyl peptide receptors to enhance the release of CXCL2 26. Acts as a ligand for the N-formyl peptide receptor FPR1, enhancing phagocyte chemotaxis 27. Has antibacterial activity against the Gram-negative bacteria N.gonorrhoeae and P.aeruginosa 28, 29. Likely to act against N.gonorrhoeae by interacting with N.gonorrhoeae penA/PBP2 30. Exhibits potent antimicrobial activity against the Gram-positive bacterium L.monocytogenes 31. Has antibacterial activity against the Gram-positive bacterium S.aureus and degrades S.aureus biofilms, allowing polymorphonuclear leukocytes to penetrate the biofilm and phagocytose bacteria 32, 33. Has antibacterial activity against M.tuberculosis 34. Mediates CASP4 activation induced by the Td92 surface protein of the periodontal pathogen T.denticola, causing production and secretion of IL1A and leading to pyroptosis of gingival fibroblasts 35.... show less
Molecular function (UniProt)ⁱ Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins due to their particular molecular function.	Antibiotic, Antimicrobial, Hydrolase, Protease, Serine protease
Biological process (UniProt)ⁱ Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins because they are involved in a particular biological process.	Chemotaxis
Gene summary (Entrez)ⁱ Useful information about the gene from Entrez	The protein encoded by this gene, a member of the peptidase S1 protein family, is found in azurophil granules of neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The encoded protease has a specificity similar to that of chymotrypsin C, and may participate in the killing and digestion of engulfed pathogens, and in connective tissue remodeling at sites of inflammation. In addition, the encoded protein is antimicrobial, with bacteriocidal activity against S. aureus and N. gonorrhoeae. Transcript variants utilizing alternative polyadenylation signals exist for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014]... show less

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