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  • SUMMARY

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  • CLU
PROTEIN SUMMARY GENE INFORMATION RNA DATA ANTIBODY DATA
Hippocampal formation Amygdala Basal ganglia Midbrain Spinal cord Cerebral cortex Cerebellum Hypothalamus Choroid plexus Retina Thyroid gland Parathyroid gland Adrenal gland Pituitary gland Lung Salivary gland Esophagus Tongue Stomach Rectum Duodenum Small intestine Colon Liver Gallbladder Pancreas Kidney Urinary bladder Testis Epididymis Prostate Seminal vesicle Vagina Breast Cervix Endometrium Fallopian tube Ovary Placenta Heart muscle Skeletal muscle Smooth muscle Adipose tissue Skin Bone marrow Spleen Thymus Appendix Lymph node Tonsil
CLU INFORMATION
Proteini

Full gene name according to HGNC.

Clusterin
Gene namei

Official gene symbol, which is typically a short form of the gene name, according to HGNC.

CLU (APOJ, CLI, CLU1, CLU2, KUB1, SGP-2, SP-40, TRPM-2)
Protein classi

Assigned HPA protein class(es) for the encoded protein(s).

Cancer-related genes
Candidate cardiovascular disease genes
Plasma proteins
Protein evidence Evidence at protein level (all genes)
Number of transcriptsi

Number of protein-coding transcripts from the gene as defined by Ensembl.

14
Protein interactions Interacting with 4 proteins
PROTEIN EXPRESSION AND LOCALIZATION
Tissue profilei

A summary of the overall protein expression profile across the analyzed normal tissues based on knowledge-based annotation, presented in the Tissue resource.

"Estimation of protein expression could not be performed. View primary data." is shown for genes where available RNA-seq and gene/protein characterization data in combination with immunohistochemistry data has been evaluated as not sufficient to yield a reliable estimation of the protein expression profile.
General cytoplasmic protein expression most tissues.
Subcellular locationi

Main subcellular location based on data generated in the subcellular section of the Human Protein Atlas.

Localized to the Cytosol
Predicted locationi

All transcripts of all genes have been analyzed regarding the location(s) of corresponding protein based on prediction methods for signal peptides and transmembrane regions.

  • Genes with at least one transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, according to prediction methods or to UniProt location data, have been further annotated and classified with the aim to determine if the corresponding protein(s) are secreted or actually retained in intracellular locations or membrane-attached.

  • Remaining genes, with no transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, will be assigned the prediction-based location(s).

The annotated location overrules the predicted location, so that a gene encoding a predicted secreted protein that has been annotated as intracellular will have intracellular as the final location.

Secreted, Intracellular (different isoforms)
Extracellular locationi

All genes with at least one isoform expected to be secreted to the extracellular environment have been annotated and classified either as secreted to blood or as locally secreted, depending on the predicted final location of the corresponding protein. Proteins expected to be locally secreted have been further classified according to their site of expression.

Secreted to blood
TISSUE RNA EXPRESSION
Tissue specificityi

The RNA specificity category is based on normalized mRNA expression levels in the consensus dataset, calculated from the RNA expression levels in samples from HPA and GTEX. The categories include: tissue enriched, group enriched, tissue enhanced, low tissue specificity and not detected.

Tissue enhanced (Liver)
Tissue expression clusteri

The RNA data was used to cluster genes according to their expression across tissues. Clusters contain genes that have similar expression patterns, and each cluster has been manually annotated to describe common features in terms of function and specificity.

Epididymis - Male reproductive secretion (mainly)
Brain specificityi

The regional specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analysed brain samples, grouped into 13 main brain regions and calculated for the three different species. All brain expression profiles are based on data from HPA. The specificity categories include: regionally enriched, group enriched, regionally enhanced, low regional specificity and not detected. The classification rules are the same used for the tissue specificity category

Low human brain regional specificity
Brain expression clusteri

The RNA data was used to cluster genes according to their expression across tissues. Clusters contain genes that have similar expression patterns, and each cluster has been manually annotated to describe common features in terms of function and specificity.

Astrocytes - Mixed function (mainly)
CELL TYPE RNA EXPRESSION
Single cell type specificityi

The RNA specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed cell types based on scRNA-seq data from normal tissues. The categories include: cell type enriched, group enriched, cell type enhanced, low cell type specificity and not detected.

Cell type enhanced (Muller glia cells, Secretory cells, Hepatocytes, Basal prostatic cells, Collecting duct cells, Cholangiocytes)
Single cell type
expression clusteri

The RNA data was used to cluster genes according to their expression across single cell types. Clusters contain genes that have similar expression patterns, and each cluster has been manually annotated to describe common features in terms of function and specificity.

Muller glia cells - Visual perception (mainly)
Tissue cell type classificationi

Genes can have enriched specificity in different cell types in one or several tissues, or be enriched in a core cell type that appears in many different tissues.

Cell type enriched (Liver - Hepatocytes, Lung - Fibroblast_2, Prostate - Smooth muscle cells, Testis - Sertoli cells)
Immune cell specificityi

The RNA specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed samples based on data from HPA. The categories include: cell type enriched, group enriched, cell type enhanced, low cell type specificity and not detected.

Immune cell enriched (basophil)
Immune cell
expression clusteri

The RNA data was used to cluster genes according to their expression across single cell types. Clusters contain genes that have similar expression patterns, and each cluster has been manually annotated to describe common features in terms of function and specificity.

Basophils - Unknown function (mainly)
CANCER & CELL LINES
Prognostic summary CLU is a prognostic marker in Glioblastoma multiforme, Liver hepatocellular carcinoma
Cancer specificityi

Specificity of RNA expression in 17 cancer types is categorized as either cancer enriched, group enriched, cancer enhanced, low cancer specificity and not detected.

Cancer enhanced (Glioblastoma Multiforme, Thyroid Carcinoma)
Cell line
expression clusteri

The RNA data was used to cluster genes according to their expression across cell lines. Clusters contain genes that have similar expression patterns, and each cluster has been manually annotated to describe common features in terms of function and specificity.

Neuronal - Signal transduction (mainly)
Cell line specificityi

RNA specificity category based on RNA sequencing data from cancer cell lines in the Human Protein Atlas grouped according to type of cancer. Genes are classified into six different categories (enriched, group enriched, enhanced, low specificity and not detected) according to their RNA expression levels across the panel of cell lines.

Low cancer specificity
PROTEINS IN BLOOD
Secretome annotationi

All genes with at least one predicted secreted isoform have been annotated and classified with the aim to determine if the corresponding protein(s) are:

  • secreted into blood
  • locally secreted
  • or actually being attached to membrane or retained in intracellular locations like mitochondria, endoplasmatic reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus or lysosomes.

Secreted to blood
Detected in blood by
immunoassayi

The blood-based immunoassay category applies to actively secreted proteins and is based on plasma or serum protein concentrations established with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, compiled from a literature search. The categories include: detected and not detected, where detection refers to a concentration found in the literature search.

Yes
Detected in blood by
mass spectrometryi

Detection or not of the gene in blood, based on spectral count estimations from a publicly available mass spectrometry-based plasma proteomics data set obtained from the PeptideAtlas.

Yes
Detected in blood by
proximity extension assayi

Detection or not of the gene in blood, based on proximity extension assays (Olink) for a longitudinal wellness study covering 76 individuals with three visits during two years.

No
PROTEIN FUNCTION
Protein function (UniProt)i

Useful information about the protein provided by UniProt.

[Isoform 1]: Functions as extracellular chaperone that prevents aggregation of non native proteins 1, 2. Prevents stress-induced aggregation of blood plasma proteins 3, 4, 5, 6. Inhibits formation of amyloid fibrils by APP, APOC2, B2M, CALCA, CSN3, SNCA and aggregation-prone LYZ variants (in vitro) 7, 8, 9. Does not require ATP 10. Maintains partially unfolded proteins in a state appropriate for subsequent refolding by other chaperones, such as HSPA8/HSC70 11. Does not refold proteins by itself 12. Binding to cell surface receptors triggers internalization of the chaperone-client complex and subsequent lysosomal or proteasomal degradation 13. Protects cells against apoptosis and against cytolysis by complement 14. Intracellular forms interact with ubiquitin and SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complexes and promote the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins 15. Promotes proteasomal degradation of COMMD1 and IKBKB 16. Modulates NF-kappa-B transcriptional activity 17. A mitochondrial form suppresses BAX-dependent release of cytochrome c into the cytoplasm and inhibit apoptosis 18, 19. Plays a role in the regulation of cell proliferation 20. An intracellular form suppresses stress-induced apoptosis by stabilizing mitochondrial membrane integrity through interaction with HSPA5 21. Secreted form does not affect caspase or BAX-mediated intrinsic apoptosis and TNF-induced NF-kappa-B-activity 22. Secreted form act as an important modulator during neuronal differentiation through interaction with STMN3 (By similarity). Plays a role in the clearance of immune complexes that arise during cell injury (By similarity).... show less
Molecular function (UniProt)i

Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins due to their particular molecular function.

Chaperone
Biological process (UniProt)i

Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins because they are involved in a particular biological process.

Apoptosis, Complement pathway, Immunity, Innate immunity
Gene summary (Entrez)i

Useful information about the gene from Entrez

The protein encoded by this gene is a secreted chaperone that can under some stress conditions also be found in the cell cytosol. It has been suggested to be involved in several basic biological events such as cell death, tumor progression, and neurodegenerative disorders. Alternate splicing results in both coding and non-coding variants.[provided by RefSeq, May 2011]... show less

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