PLA2G2A protein expression summary - The Human Protein Atlas

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PLA2G2A

SUMMARY

TISSUE

CELL

PATHOLOGY

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BLOOD

GENERAL INFORMATIONⁱ General description of the gene and encoded protein(s) using information from HGNC and Ensembl, as well as predictions made as well as predictions made by the Human Protein Atlas project.
Gene nameⁱ Gene name according to HGNC.	PLA2G2A (PLA2B, PLA2L)
Gene description	Phospholipase A2 group IIA
Predicted locationⁱ All transcripts of all genes have been analyzed regarding the location(s) of corresponding protein based on prediction methods for signal peptides and transmembrane regions. Genes with at least one transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, according to prediction methods or to UniProt location data, have been further annotated and classified with the aim to determine if the corresponding protein(s) are secreted or actually retained in intracellular locations or membrane-attached. Remaining genes, with no transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, will be assigned the prediction-based location(s). The annotated location overrules the predicted location, so that a gene encoding a predicted secreted protein that has been annotated as intracellular will have intracellular as the final location. Read more	Secreted
Number of transcriptsⁱ Number of protein-coding transcribed from this gene as defined by Ensembl.	2
Protein evidenceⁱ Protein evidence scores are generated from several independent sources and are classified as evidence at i) protein level, ii) transcript level, iii) no evidence, or iv) not available.	Evidence at protein level
	SHOW MORE

TISSUE ATLASⁱ

RNA tissue specificityⁱ The RNA specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed samples based on a combination of data from HPA, GTEX and FANTOM5. The categories include: tissue enriched, group enriched, tissue enhanced, low tissue specificity and not detected. Read more	Tissue enhanced (liver)
RNA tissue distributionⁱ The RNA distribution category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed samples based on a combination of data from HPA, GTEX and FANTOM5. The categories include: detected in all, detected in many, detected in some, detected in single and not detected. Read more	Detected in many
Protein expressionⁱ A summary of the overall protein expression pattern across the analyzed normal tissues. The summary is based on knowledge-based annotation. "Estimation of protein expression could not be performed. View primary data." is shown for genes analyzed with a knowledge-based approach where available RNA-seq and gene/protein characterization data has been evaluated as not sufficient in combination with immunohistochemistry data to yield a reliable estimation of the protein expression profile. Read more	Cytoplasmic expression in paneth cells.

CELL ATLASⁱ

Main locationⁱ The main location is characterized by presence in all tested cell lines and/or increased intensity compared to other locations. It is highlighted in the illustration to the right. If available, links to overrepresentation analyses in Reactome, a free, open-source, curated and peer reviewed biological pathway database, are provided. An analysis is done for the corresponding gene set of the proteome localizing to the main and additional locations of the protein on this page, respectively.	Not available
RNA cell specificityⁱ The cell lines in the Human Protein Atlas have been analyzed by RNA-seq to estimate the transcript abundance of each protein-coding gene. The RNA-seq data was then used to classify all genes according to their cell line-specific expression into one of six different categories, defined based on the total set of all NX values in all analyzed cell lines. Read more	Group enriched (Hep G2, RT4)
RNA cell distributionⁱ Classification of genes according to distribution of their RNA expression among the cell lines within the HPA. The categories include: detected in all, detected in many, detected in some, detected in single and not detected. Read more	Detected in some

PATHOLOGY ATLASⁱ

Melanoma p<0.001

Cancer expression specificity (RNA)ⁱ Specificity of RNA expression in 17 cancer types is categorized as either cancer enriched, group enriched, cancer enhanced, low cancer specificity and not detected. Read more	Cancer enhanced (prostate cancer)
Cancer expression distribution (RNA)ⁱ Distribution of RNA expression in 17 cancer types is categorized as either detected in single, detected in some, detected in many, detected in all, or not detected. Read more	Detected in all
Prognostic summary	Prognostic marker in melanoma (favourable)

BRAIN ATLAS

	Human brain	Pig brain
Regional specificityⁱ The regional specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed brain samples, grouped into 10 main brain regions and calculated for the three different species. The human brain expression profile is based on a combination of data from GTEX and FANTOM5. The specificity categories include: regionally enriched, group enriched, regionally enhanced, low regional specificity and not detected. The classification rules are the same used for the tissue specificity category. Read more	Not detected	Not detected
Regional distributionⁱ The regional distribution category is based on mRNA expression detected above cut off or not in the analyzed brain samples, grouped into 10 main brain regions and calculated for the three different species. The human brain expression is based on a combination of data from GTEX and FANTOM5. The distribution categories include: detected in all, detected in many, detected in some, detected in single and not detected. The classification rules are the same used for the tissue distribution category. Read more	Not detected	Not detected

BLOOD ATLAS

Secretome annotationⁱ All genes with at least one predicted secreted isoform have been annotated and classified with the aim to determine if the corresponding protein(s) are: secreted into blood locally secreted or actually being attached to membrane or retained in intracellular locations like mitochondria, endoplasmatic reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus or lysosomes. A gene will only have one location and the categories and their hierarchy is: Intracellular and membrane Secreted to blood Secreted in brain Secreted to digestive system Secreted in female reproductive system Secreted in male reproductive system Secreted to extracellular matrix Secreted in other tissues Secreted - unknown location Read more	Secreted to blood
RNA blood cell type specificityⁱ The RNA specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed samples based on data from HPA. The categories include: cell type enriched, group enriched, cell type enhanced, low cell type specificity and not detected. Read more	Not detected
RNA blood cell type distributionⁱ The RNA distribution category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed samples based on data from HPA. The categories include: detected in all, detected in many, detected in some, detected in single and not detected. Read more	Not detected
Blood-based immunoassayⁱ The blood-based immunoassay category applies to actively secreted proteins and is based on plasma or serum protein concentrations established with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, compiled from a literature search. The categories include: detected and not detected, where detection refers to a concentration found in the literature search. Read more	Detected
Mass spectrometry:ⁱ Detection or not of the gene in blood, based on spectral count estimations from a publicly available mass spectrometry-based plasma proteomics data set obtained from the PeptideAtlas.	Detected

GENE INFORMATIONⁱ Gene information from Ensembl and Entrez, as well as links to available gene identifiers are displayed here. Information was retrieved from Ensembl if not indicated otherwise.
Gene name	PLA2G2A (HGNC Symbol)
Synonyms	PLA2B, PLA2L
Description	Phospholipase A2 group IIA (HGNC Symbol)
Entrez gene summary	The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the phospholipase A2 family (PLA2). PLA2s constitute a diverse family of enzymes with respect to sequence, function, localization, and divalent cation requirements. This gene product belongs to group II, which contains secreted form of PLA2, an extracellular enzyme that has a low molecular mass and requires calcium ions for catalysis. It catalyzes the hydrolysis of the sn-2 fatty acid acyl ester bond of phosphoglycerides, releasing free fatty acids and lysophospholipids, and thought to participate in the regulation of the phospholipid metabolism in biomembranes. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants with different 5' UTRs have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009]
Chromosome	1
Cytoband	p36.13
Chromosome location (bp)	19975431 - 19980416
Protein evidence	Evidence at protein level (all genes)
Protein classⁱ Protein class(es) of the gene product according to selected gene lists. List of protein classes.	Enzymes FDA approved drug targets Predicted secreted proteins RAS pathway related proteins
Ensembl	ENSG00000188257 (version 92.38)
Entrez gene	5320
UniProt	P14555 (UniProt - Evidence at protein level)
neXtProt	NX_P14555
Antibodypedia	PLA2G2A antibodies

PROTEIN BROWSERⁱ

PLA2G2A-201

PLA2G2A-202

PROTEIN INFORMATIONⁱ The protein information section displays alternative protein-coding transcripts (splice variants) encoded by this gene according to the Ensembl database. The ENSP identifier links to the Ensembl website protein summary, while the ENST identifier links to the Ensembl website transcript summary for the selected splice variant. The data in the UniProt column can be expanded to show links to all matching UniProt identifiers for this protein. The protein classes assigned to this protein are shown if expanding the data in the protein class column. Parent protein classes are in bold font and subclasses are listed under the parent class. The Gene Ontology terms assigned to this protein are listed if expanding the Gene ontology column. The length of the protein (amino acid residues according to Ensembl), molecular mass (kDalton), predicted signal peptide (according to a majority of the signal peptide predictors SPOCTOPUS, SignalP 4.0, and Phobius) and the number of predicted transmembrane region(s) (according to MDM) are also reported.
Splice variant	UniProt	Protein class	Gene ontology	Length & mass	Signal peptide (predicted)	Transmembrane regions (predicted)
PLA2G2A-201 ENSP00000364252 ENST00000375111	P14555 [Direct mapping] Phospholipase A2, membrane associated A0A024RA96 [Target identity:100%; Query identity:100%] Phospholipase A(2) Show all	Enzymes ENZYME proteins Hydrolases MEMSAT3 predicted membrane proteins SPOCTOPUS predicted membrane proteins TMHMM predicted membrane proteins Predicted secreted proteins Secreted proteins predicted by MDSEC SignalP predicted secreted proteins Phobius predicted secreted proteins RAS pathway related proteins FDA approved drug targets Small molecule drugs Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level Protein evidence (Peptideatlas) Show all	GO:0004623 [phospholipase A2 activity] GO:0005509 [calcium ion binding] GO:0005543 [phospholipid binding] GO:0005576 [extracellular region] GO:0005615 [extracellular space] GO:0005783 [endoplasmic reticulum] GO:0005789 [endoplasmic reticulum membrane] GO:0005886 [plasma membrane] GO:0006629 [lipid metabolic process] GO:0006644 [phospholipid metabolic process] GO:0006654 [phosphatidic acid biosynthetic process] GO:0010744 [positive regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation] GO:0016020 [membrane] GO:0016042 [lipid catabolic process] GO:0016787 [hydrolase activity] GO:0019730 [antimicrobial humoral response] GO:0034374 [low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling] GO:0036148 [phosphatidylglycerol acyl-chain remodeling] GO:0036149 [phosphatidylinositol acyl-chain remodeling] GO:0036150 [phosphatidylserine acyl-chain remodeling] GO:0036151 [phosphatidylcholine acyl-chain remodeling] GO:0036152 [phosphatidylethanolamine acyl-chain remodeling] GO:0046473 [phosphatidic acid metabolic process] GO:0046872 [metal ion binding] GO:0047498 [calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 activity] GO:0050482 [arachidonic acid secretion] GO:0050729 [positive regulation of inflammatory response] GO:0050830 [defense response to Gram-positive bacterium] GO:0070062 [extracellular exosome] GO:0070374 [positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade] GO:0102567 [phospholipase A2 activity (consuming 1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine)] GO:0102568 [phospholipase A2 activity consuming 1,2-dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine)] Show all	144 aa 16.1 kDa	Yes	0
PLA2G2A-202 ENSP00000383364 ENST00000400520	P14555 [Direct mapping] Phospholipase A2, membrane associated A0A024RA96 [Target identity:100%; Query identity:100%] Phospholipase A(2) Show all	Enzymes ENZYME proteins Hydrolases MEMSAT3 predicted membrane proteins SPOCTOPUS predicted membrane proteins TMHMM predicted membrane proteins Predicted secreted proteins Secreted proteins predicted by MDSEC SignalP predicted secreted proteins Phobius predicted secreted proteins RAS pathway related proteins FDA approved drug targets Small molecule drugs Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level Protein evidence (Peptideatlas) Show all	GO:0004623 [phospholipase A2 activity] GO:0005509 [calcium ion binding] GO:0005543 [phospholipid binding] GO:0005576 [extracellular region] GO:0005615 [extracellular space] GO:0005783 [endoplasmic reticulum] GO:0005789 [endoplasmic reticulum membrane] GO:0005886 [plasma membrane] GO:0006629 [lipid metabolic process] GO:0006644 [phospholipid metabolic process] GO:0006654 [phosphatidic acid biosynthetic process] GO:0010744 [positive regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation] GO:0016020 [membrane] GO:0016042 [lipid catabolic process] GO:0016787 [hydrolase activity] GO:0019730 [antimicrobial humoral response] GO:0030141 [secretory granule] GO:0034374 [low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling] GO:0036148 [phosphatidylglycerol acyl-chain remodeling] GO:0036149 [phosphatidylinositol acyl-chain remodeling] GO:0036150 [phosphatidylserine acyl-chain remodeling] GO:0036151 [phosphatidylcholine acyl-chain remodeling] GO:0036152 [phosphatidylethanolamine acyl-chain remodeling] GO:0046473 [phosphatidic acid metabolic process] GO:0046872 [metal ion binding] GO:0047498 [calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 activity] GO:0048471 [perinuclear region of cytoplasm] GO:0050482 [arachidonic acid secretion] GO:0050729 [positive regulation of inflammatory response] GO:0050830 [defense response to Gram-positive bacterium] GO:0070062 [extracellular exosome] GO:0070374 [positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade] GO:0102567 [phospholipase A2 activity (consuming 1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine)] GO:0102568 [phospholipase A2 activity consuming 1,2-dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine)] Show all	144 aa 16.1 kDa	Yes	0

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The Human Protein Atlas project is funded
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