The Evolutionary Resource

The Evolutionary Resource provides a comparative overview of RNA expression across mammalian species, covering major organs and tissues throughout the body, with additional anatomical detail for different regions of the brain. The resource takes a human gene-centric perspective, focusing on orthologous genes across species and enabling direct exploration of their tissue expression profiles. While the major organs and tissues are represented across species, some differences in coverage reflect species-specific anatomy, biological variation, and sample availability.

RNA expression profiles are used to classify genes according to their tissue specificity within each species, enabling comparisons of tissue-enriched expression patterns and their conservation across mammals. The resource also allows users to explore the expression of individual genes across species, providing insights into evolutionary similarities and differences in gene expression and helping to assess the relevance of different animal models for studying human genes and proteins of interest. More information about the datasets and analytical methods can be found in the Methods Summary.

Learn about:

  • RNA expression profiles across major organs and tissues in different mammalian species
  • Tissue-specific and tissue-enriched genes across species
  • Conservation and divergence of gene expression patterns during mammalian evolution
  • Expression of human gene orthologues in different animal models
  • Regional gene expression patterns across the brain
ORGAN SYSTEM OVERVIEW

The expression for all human 1-to-1 orthologes in all major tissues and organs in the mammalian body can be explored in this interactive database, including the tissue specificity comparison across speces.


SPECIES COMPARISON

Comparing gene expression across species requires identifying evolutionarily related genes. The figure below summarizes the distribution of human genes with orthologs in macaque, mouse, rat and pig, including genes shared across all five species and those with orthologs in only a subset. The largest group comprises 13,965 human genes with orthologs in all four other mammals, providing a broad foundation for cross-species comparisons. Learn more details here.

The table summarizes the number of genes classified as tissue enriched, group enriched or tissue enhanced within each species, based on their complete set of sampled tissues. Together, these categories represent genes with elevated expression in one or several tissues. Differences in the number of tissue-elevated genes may reflect both biological variation and differences in tissue sampling and representation across species.

Species Tissue enriched Group enriched Tissue enhanced Total elevated
Human 3132 1547 4666 9345
Macaque 2216 1128 3773 7117
Mouse 2850 1357 4326 8533
Rat 2502 1162 4201 7865
Pig 1991 990 4251 7232

More detailes about the comparison on the Evolutionary Proteome page.


To provide an overall view of how tissue-specific gene expression is conserved during mammalian evolution, the pairwise comparisons between human and each of the four other species were combined into a single conservation category for each gene. This analysis is based on human genes with 1-to-1 orthologs across all five species and uses a common set of comparable tissues.

The pie chart summarizes the distribution of conservation categories from a human perspective, distinguishing genes with completely, partially or minimally conserved tissue specificity from those showing shifts in tissue elevation or differences in expression and detection between species. Together, these categories provide an overview of the extent to which human tissue-specific expression patterns are shared with other mammals.

Complete conservation (Tissue elevated) Complete conservation (Low tissue specificity) Complete conservation (Not detected) Partial conservation (Tissue elevated) Partial conservation (Low tissue specificity) Partial conservation (Not detected) Limited conservation (Tissue elevated) Limited conservation (Low tissue specificity) Limited conservation (Not detected) Tissue elevation shift Human-specific tissue elevated Non-human tissue elevated Human-specific detected Human not detected Unassessed Complete conservation (Region elevated) Complete conservation (Low region specificity) Complete conservation (Not detected) Partial conservation (Region elevated) Partial conservation (Low region specificity) Partial conservation (Not detected) Limited conservation (Region elevated) Limited conservation (Low region specificity) Limited conservation (Not detected) Region elevation shift Human-specific region elevated Non-human region elevated Human-specific detected Human not detected Unassessed