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General description of the gene and the encoded protein(s) using information from HGNC and Ensembl, as well as predictions made by the Human Protein Atlas project.
Gene namei
Official gene symbol, which is typically a short form of the gene name, according to HGNC.
Assigned HPA protein class(es) for the encoded protein(s).
Cancer-related genes
Predicted locationi
All transcripts of all genes have been analyzed regarding the location(s) of corresponding protein based on prediction methods for signal peptides and transmembrane regions.
Genes with at least one transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, according to prediction methods or to UniProt location data, have been further annotated and classified with the aim to determine if the corresponding protein(s) are secreted or actually retained in intracellular locations or membrane-attached.
Remaining genes, with no transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, will be assigned the prediction-based location(s).
The annotated location overrules the predicted location, so that a gene encoding a predicted secreted protein that has been annotated as intracellular will have intracellular as the final location.
Gene information from Ensembl and Entrez, as well as links to available gene identifiers are displayed here. Information was retrieved from Ensembl if not indicated otherwise.
Chromosome
7
Cytoband
q33
Chromosome location (bp)
137227341 - 137343774
Number of transcriptsi
Number of protein-coding transcripts from the gene as defined by Ensembl.
Useful information about the protein provided by UniProt.
Secreted growth factor that mediates its signal through cell-surface proteoglycan and non-proteoglycan receptors 1,2,3. Binds cell-surface proteoglycan receptor via their chondroitin sulfate (CS) groups 4,5. Thereby regulates many processes like cell proliferation, cell survival, cell growth, cell differentiation and cell migration in several tissues namely neuron and bone 6,7,8,9,10,11,12. Also plays a role in synaptic plasticity and learning-related behavior by inhibiting long-term synaptic potentiation (By similarity). Binds PTPRZ1, leading to neutralization of the negative charges of the CS chains of PTPRZ1, inducing PTPRZ1 clustering, thereby causing the dimerization and inactivation of its phosphatase activity leading to increased tyrosine phosphorylation of each of the PTPRZ1 substrates like ALK, CTNNB1 or AFAP1L2 in order to activate the PI3K-AKT pathway 13,14,15,16,17. Through PTPRZ1 binding controls oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation by enhancing the phosphorylation of AFAP1L2 in order to activate the PI3K-AKT pathway 18,19. Forms a complex with PTPRZ1 and integrin alpha-V/beta-3 (ITGAV:ITGB3) that stimulates endothelial cell migration through SRC dephosphorylation and activation that consequently leads to ITGB3 'Tyr-773' phosphorylation 20. In adult hippocampus promotes dendritic arborization, spine development, and functional integration and connectivity of newborn granule neurons through ALK by activating AKT signaling pathway (By similarity). Binds GPC2 and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) at the neuron surface, leading to abrogation of binding between PTPRS and CSPGs and neurite outgrowth promotion (By similarity). Binds SDC3 and mediates bone formation by recruiting and attaching osteoblasts/osteoblast precursors to the sites for new bone deposition (By similarity). Binds ALK and promotes cell survival and cell proliferation through MAPK pathway activation 21. Inhibits proliferation and enhances differentiation of neural stem cells by inhibiting FGF2-induced fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway (By similarity). Mediates regulatory mechanisms in normal hemostasis and in hematopoietic regeneration and in maintaining the balance of myeloid and lymphoid regeneration (By similarity). In addition may play a role in the female reproductive system, auditory response and the progesterone-induced decidualization pathway (By similarity)....show less
Molecular function (UniProt)i
Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins due to their particular molecular function.
Growth factor, Heparin-binding, Mitogen
Gene summary (Entrez)i
Useful information about the gene from Entrez
The protein encoded by this gene is a secreted heparin-binding growth factor. The protein has significant roles in cell growth and survival, cell migration, angiogenesis and tumorigenesis. Alternative splicing and the use of alternative promoters results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2016]...show less
PROTEIN INFORMATIONi
The protein information section displays alternative protein-coding transcripts (splice variants) encoded by this gene according to the Ensembl database.
The ENSP identifier links to the Ensembl website protein summary, while the ENST identifier links to the Ensembl website transcript summary for the selected splice variant. The data in the UniProt column can be expanded to show links to all matching UniProt identifiers for this protein.
The protein classes assigned to this protein are shown if expanding the data in the protein class column. Parent protein classes are in bold font and subclasses are listed under the parent class.
The Gene Ontology terms assigned to this protein are listed if expanding the Gene ontology column. The length of the protein (amino acid residues according to Ensembl), molecular mass (kDalton), predicted signal peptide (according to a majority of the signal peptide predictors SPOCTOPUS, SignalP 4.0, and Phobius) and the number of predicted transmembrane region(s) (according to MDM) are also reported.
MEMSAT3 predicted membrane proteins TMHMM predicted membrane proteins Predicted secreted proteins Secreted proteins predicted by MDSEC SignalP predicted secreted proteins Phobius predicted secreted proteins SPOCTOPUS predicted secreted proteins Cancer-related genes Candidate cancer biomarkers Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
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GO:0001503[ossification] GO:0002232[leukocyte chemotaxis involved in inflammatory response] GO:0002690[positive regulation of leukocyte chemotaxis] GO:0004864[protein phosphatase inhibitor activity] GO:0005178[integrin binding] GO:0005515[protein binding] GO:0005576[extracellular region] GO:0005615[extracellular space] GO:0005783[endoplasmic reticulum] GO:0005886[plasma membrane] GO:0007165[signal transduction] GO:0007185[transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase signaling pathway] GO:0007229[integrin-mediated signaling pathway] GO:0007399[nervous system development] GO:0007406[negative regulation of neuroblast proliferation] GO:0007612[learning] GO:0007613[memory] GO:0008083[growth factor activity] GO:0008201[heparin binding] GO:0008284[positive regulation of cell population proliferation] GO:0010594[regulation of endothelial cell migration] GO:0010976[positive regulation of neuron projection development] GO:0010996[response to auditory stimulus] GO:0019901[protein kinase binding] GO:0030246[carbohydrate binding] GO:0030282[bone mineralization] GO:0030501[positive regulation of bone mineralization] GO:0031104[dendrite regeneration] GO:0031641[regulation of myelination] GO:0032991[protein-containing complex] GO:0035374[chondroitin sulfate binding] GO:0042246[tissue regeneration] GO:0043113[receptor clustering] GO:0043932[ossification involved in bone remodeling] GO:0044849[estrous cycle] GO:0045597[positive regulation of cell differentiation] GO:0045778[positive regulation of ossification] GO:0046697[decidualization] GO:0048167[regulation of synaptic plasticity] GO:0048477[oogenesis] GO:0048680[positive regulation of axon regeneration] GO:0048714[positive regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation] GO:0050804[modulation of chemical synaptic transmission] GO:0050896[response to stimulus] GO:0051781[positive regulation of cell division] GO:0098685[Schaffer collateral - CA1 synapse] GO:0140059[dendrite arborization] GO:0140677[molecular function activator activity] GO:1900006[positive regulation of dendrite development] GO:1900272[negative regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation] GO:1903706[regulation of hemopoiesis] GO:2000036[regulation of stem cell population maintenance] GO:2000347[positive regulation of hepatocyte proliferation] GO:2000738[positive regulation of stem cell differentiation]