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GENE AND PROTEIN SUMMARY

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Gene name

AFP

Description

alpha-fetoprotein

Protein class

Candidate cancer biomarkers, Mapped to UniProt SWISS-PROT, Plasma proteins, Potential transmembrane proteins, Potentially secreted proteins

Protein evidence

High

Entrez gene summary

This gene encodes alpha-fetoprotein, a major plasma protein produced by the yolk sac and the liver during fetal life. Alpha-fetoprotein expression in adults is often associated with hepatoma or teratoma. However, hereditary persistance of alpha-fetoprotein may also be found in individuals with no obvious pathology. The protein is thought to be the fetal counterpart of serum albumin, and the alpha-fetoprotein and albumin genes are present in tandem in the same transcriptional orientation on chromosome 4. Alpha-fetoprotein is found in monomeric as well as dimeric and trimeric forms, and binds copper, nickel, fatty acids and bilirubin. The level of alpha-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid is used to measure renal loss of protein to screen for spina bifida and anencephaly. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

External links

Ensembl, UniProt, Entrez gene, neXtProt, Antibodypedia

No of splice variants

2 in total
0 with predicted TM region
2 with predicted signal peptide

SUBCELLULAR LOCATION SUMMARY

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Main location(s)

Nucleus but not nucleoli

Additional location(s)

 

Staining summary

Staining of nucleus in all three cell lines.

Reliability (Single)

Antibodies in assay

HPA023600
 

NORMAL TISSUE & ORGAN SUMMARY

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Expression summary

Mainly extra cellular positivity, cytoplasmic expression in a few tissues, including placenta.

Tissue specificity

Expressed in 8 out of 83 cell types

Reliability (APE)

Medium

Antibodies in assay

HPA010607, HPA023600, CAB024283, CAB025339
 

Organ

No of cell types

Protein expression

CNS (brain) 11
Hematopoietic (blood) 8
Liver and pancreas 5
Digestive (GI-tract) 13
Respiratory (lung) 4
Cardiovascular 1
Female tissues 13
Placenta 2
Male tissues 5
Urinary tract (kidney) 3
Skin and soft tissues 15
Endocrine tissues 3

Level of annotated protein expression





High
Medium
Low
None

CANCER TISSUE SUMMARY

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Staining summary

Antibody staining in 43% of the cancers

Antibodies in assay

HPA010607, HPA023600, CAB024283, CAB025339
 

Tissue

Cancer staining

Protein
expression of
normal tissue

Breast cancer
 
Carcinoid
 
Cervical cancer
 
 
Colorectal cancer
 
 
Endometrial cancer
 
 
Glioma
 
Head and neck cancer
 
 
Liver cancer
 
 
Lung cancer
 
 
Lymphoma
 
 
 

Tissue

Cancer staining

Protein
expression of
normal tissue

Melanoma
 
Ovarian cancer
 
Pancreatic cancer
 
Prostate cancer
 
Renal cancer
 
Skin cancer
 
Stomach cancer
 
 
Testis cancer
 
Thyroid cancer
 
Urothelial cancer
 

Level of antibody staining





Strong
Moderate
Weak
Negative

CELL LINE SUMMARY

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RNA evidence

High
 

Cell line

Cell origin

RNA abundance

IH staining

IF intensity

HPA010607

HPA023600

CAB024283

CAB025339

HPA023600

A-431 Skin Not detected
Moderate
A-549 Lung Not detected
CACO-2 Colon Medium
HEK 293 Embryonal kidney Not detected
HeLa Cervix Low
Hep-G2 Liver High
MCF-7 Pleural effusion Not detected
PC-3 Bone marrow Low
RT-4 Urinary bladder Low
U-2 OS Bone Low
Moderate
U-251 MG Brain Medium
Weak

ANTIBODY SUMMARY

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Antibody

Clonality

Validation

HPA010607 pAb
HPA023600 pAb
CAB024283 pAb
CAB025339 mAb