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GENE AND PROTEIN SUMMARY

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Gene name

ATG4A

Description

autophagy related 4A, cysteine peptidase

Protein class

Mapped to UniProt SWISS-PROT, Peptidases, Potential transmembrane proteins

Protein evidence

High

Entrez gene summary

Autophagy is the process by which endogenous proteins and damaged organelles are destroyed intracellularly. Autophagy is postulated to be essential for cell homeostasis and cell remodeling during differentiation, metamorphosis, non-apoptotic cell death, and aging. Reduced levels of autophagy have been described in some malignant tumors, and a role for autophagy in controlling the unregulated cell growth linked to cancer has been proposed. This gene encodes a member of the autophagin protein family. The encoded protein is also designated as a member of the C-54 family of cysteine proteases. Transcript variants that encode distinct isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

External links

Ensembl, UniProt, Entrez gene, neXtProt, Antibodypedia

No of splice variants

8 in total
0 with predicted TM region
0 with predicted signal peptide

SUBCELLULAR LOCATION SUMMARY

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Main location(s)

Cytoplasm

Additional location(s)

Nucleoli, Nucleus but not nucleoli, Centrosome 

Staining summary

Staining of cytoplasm and nucleus but not nucleoli in all three cell lines. Additional staining of the centrosomes in A-431 and U-251 MG.

Reliability (Single)

Antibodies in assay

HPA036374
 

NORMAL TISSUE & ORGAN SUMMARY

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Staining summary

Normal tissues showed moderate to strong cytoplasmic positivity. Alveolar cells, bile ducts, breast and glial cells were weakly stained or negative.

Tissue specificity

Staining in 73 out of 81 cell types

Reliability (Single)

Antibodies in assay

HPA036374
 

Organ

No of cell types

Antibody staining

CNS (brain) 11
Hematopoietic (blood) 8
Liver and pancreas 5
Digestive (GI-tract) 13
Respiratory (lung) 4
Cardiovascular 1
Female tissues 12
Placenta 2
Male tissues 5
Urinary tract (kidney) 3
Skin and soft tissues 14
Endocrine tissues 3

Level of antibody staining





Strong
Moderate
Weak
Negative

CANCER TISSUE SUMMARY

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Staining summary

Antibody staining in 86% of the cancers

Antibodies in assay

HPA036374
 

Tissue

Cancer staining

Normal tissue
staining

Breast cancer
 
Carcinoid
 
Cervical cancer
 
 
Colorectal cancer
 
 
Endometrial cancer
 
 
Glioma
 
Head and neck cancer
 
 
Liver cancer
 
 
Lung cancer
 
 
Lymphoma
 
 
 

Tissue

Cancer staining

Normal tissue
staining

Melanoma
 
Ovarian cancer
 
Pancreatic cancer
 
Prostate cancer
 
Renal cancer
 
Skin cancer
 
Stomach cancer
 
 
Testis cancer
 
Thyroid cancer
 
Urothelial cancer
 

Level of antibody staining





Strong
Moderate
Weak
Negative

CELL LINE SUMMARY

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RNA evidence

Medium
 

Cell line

Cell origin

RNA abundance

IH staining

IF intensity

HPA036374

HPA036374

A-431 Skin Medium
Moderate
A-549 Lung Medium
CACO-2 Colon Medium
HEK 293 Embryonal kidney Medium
HeLa Cervix Medium
Hep-G2 Liver Low
MCF-7 Pleural effusion Medium
PC-3 Bone marrow Medium
RT-4 Urinary bladder Medium
U-2 OS Bone Low
Moderate
U-251 MG Brain Medium
Strong

ANTIBODY SUMMARY

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Antibody

Clonality

Validation

HPA036374 pAb