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GENE AND PROTEIN SUMMARY

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Gene name

VRK1

Description

vaccinia related kinase 1

Protein class

Enzymes, Kinases, Mapped to UniProt SWISS-PROT, Potential transmembrane proteins

Protein evidence

High

Entrez gene summary

This gene encodes a member of the vaccinia-related kinase (VRK) family of serine/threonine protein kinases. This gene is widely expressed in human tissues and has increased expression in actively dividing cells, such as those in testis, thymus, fetal liver, and carcinomas. Its protein localizes to the nucleus and has been shown to promote the stability and nuclear accumulation of a transcriptionally active p53 molecule and, in vitro, to phosphorylate Thr18 of p53 and reduce p53 ubiquitination. This gene, therefore, may regulate cell proliferation. This protein also phosphorylates histone, casein, and the transcription factors ATF2 (activating transcription factor 2) and c-JUN. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

External links

Ensembl, UniProt, Entrez gene, neXtProt, Antibodypedia

No of splice variants

4 in total
1 with predicted TM region
0 with predicted signal peptide

SUBCELLULAR LOCATION SUMMARY

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Main location(s)

Nucleus

Additional location(s)

Cytoplasm 

Staining summary

Mainly localized to the nucleus.

Reliability (APE)

High

Antibodies in assay

HPA000660, HPA017929
 

NORMAL TISSUE & ORGAN SUMMARY

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Expression summary

Nuclear expression in many cell types, most abundant in seminiferus duct cells, bone marrow, respiratory epithelium and subsets of lymphoid cells.

Tissue specificity

Expressed in 46 out of 82 cell types

Reliability (APE)

Medium

Antibodies in assay

HPA000660, HPA017929
 

Organ

No of cell types

Protein expression

CNS (brain) 11
Hematopoietic (blood) 8
Liver and pancreas 5
Digestive (GI-tract) 13
Respiratory (lung) 4
Cardiovascular 1
Female tissues 13
Placenta 2
Male tissues 5
Urinary tract (kidney) 3
Skin and soft tissues 14
Endocrine tissues 3

Level of annotated protein expression





High
Medium
Low
None

CANCER TISSUE SUMMARY

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Staining summary

Antibody staining in 50% of the cancers

Antibodies in assay

HPA000660, HPA017929
 

Tissue

Cancer staining

Protein
expression of
normal tissue

Breast cancer
 
Carcinoid
 
Cervical cancer
 
 
Colorectal cancer
 
 
Endometrial cancer
 
 
Glioma
 
Head and neck cancer
 
 
Liver cancer
 
 
Lung cancer
 
 
Lymphoma
 
 
 

Tissue

Cancer staining

Protein
expression of
normal tissue

Melanoma
 
Ovarian cancer
 
Pancreatic cancer
 
Prostate cancer
 
Renal cancer
 
Skin cancer
 
Stomach cancer
 
 
Testis cancer
 
Thyroid cancer
 
Urothelial cancer
 

Level of antibody staining





Strong
Moderate
Weak
Negative

CELL LINE SUMMARY

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RNA evidence

High
 

Cell line

Cell origin

RNA abundance

IH staining

IF intensity

HPA000660

HPA000660

HPA017929

A-431 Skin High
ModerateStrong
A-549 Lung Medium
CACO-2 Colon High
HEK 293 Embryonal kidney High
HeLa Cervix Medium
Hep-G2 Liver High
MCF-7 Pleural effusion High
PC-3 Bone marrow High
RT-4 Urinary bladder High
U-2 OS Bone Medium
StrongModerate
U-251 MG Brain High
ModerateWeak

ANTIBODY SUMMARY

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Antibody

Clonality

Validation

HPA000660 pAb
HPA017929 pAb