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General description of the gene and the encoded protein(s) using information from HGNC and Ensembl, as well as predictions made by the Human Protein Atlas project.
Gene namei
Official gene symbol, which is typically a short form of the gene name, according to HGNC.
Assigned HPA protein class(es) for the encoded protein(s).
Disease related genes Human disease related genes Potential drug targets Transporters
Predicted locationi
All transcripts of all genes have been analyzed regarding the location(s) of corresponding protein based on prediction methods for signal peptides and transmembrane regions.
Genes with at least one transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, according to prediction methods or to UniProt location data, have been further annotated and classified with the aim to determine if the corresponding protein(s) are secreted or actually retained in intracellular locations or membrane-attached.
Remaining genes, with no transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, will be assigned the prediction-based location(s).
The annotated location overrules the predicted location, so that a gene encoding a predicted secreted protein that has been annotated as intracellular will have intracellular as the final location.
Gene information from Ensembl and Entrez, as well as links to available gene identifiers are displayed here. Information was retrieved from Ensembl if not indicated otherwise.
Chromosome
4
Cytoband
q32.1
Chromosome location (bp)
157076125 - 157172090
Number of transcriptsi
Number of protein-coding transcripts from the gene as defined by Ensembl.
Useful information about the protein provided by UniProt.
Glycine receptors are ligand-gated chloride channels. GLRB does not form ligand-gated ion channels by itself, but is part of heteromeric ligand-gated chloride channels. Channel opening is triggered by extracellular glycine 1,2,3,4,5,6,7. Heteropentameric channels composed of GLRB and GLRA1 are activated by lower glycine levels than homopentameric GLRA1 8. Plays an important role in the down-regulation of neuronal excitability 9,10. Contributes to the generation of inhibitory postsynaptic currents 11....show less
Molecular function (UniProt)i
Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins due to their particular molecular function.
Chloride channel, Ion channel, Ligand-gated ion channel, Receptor
Biological process (UniProt)i
Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins because they are involved in a particular biological process.
Ion transport, Transport
Ligand (UniProt)i
Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins because they bind, are associated with, or whose activity is dependent of some molecule.
Chloride
Gene summary (Entrez)i
Useful information about the gene from Entrez
This gene encodes the beta subunit of the glycine receptor, which is a pentamer composed of alpha and beta subunits. The receptor functions as a neurotransmitter-gated ion channel, which produces hyperpolarization via increased chloride conductance due to the binding of glycine to the receptor. Mutations in this gene cause startle disease, also known as hereditary hyperekplexia or congenital stiff-person syndrome, a disease characterized by muscular rigidity. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009]...show less
PROTEIN INFORMATIONi
The protein information section displays alternative protein-coding transcripts (splice variants) encoded by this gene according to the Ensembl database.
The ENSP identifier links to the Ensembl website protein summary, while the ENST identifier links to the Ensembl website transcript summary for the selected splice variant. The data in the UniProt column can be expanded to show links to all matching UniProt identifiers for this protein.
The protein classes assigned to this protein are shown if expanding the data in the protein class column. Parent protein classes are in bold font and subclasses are listed under the parent class.
The Gene Ontology terms assigned to this protein are listed if expanding the Gene ontology column. The length of the protein (amino acid residues according to Ensembl), molecular mass (kDalton), predicted signal peptide (according to a majority of the signal peptide predictors SPOCTOPUS, SignalP 4.0, and Phobius) and the number of predicted transmembrane region(s) (according to MDM) are also reported.
Transporters Transporter channels and pores Predicted membrane proteins Prediction method-based Membrane proteins predicted by MDM MEMSAT3 predicted membrane proteins MEMSAT-SVM predicted membrane proteins Phobius predicted membrane proteins SCAMPI predicted membrane proteins SPOCTOPUS predicted membrane proteins THUMBUP predicted membrane proteins TMHMM predicted membrane proteins # TM segments-based 4TM proteins predicted by MDM Disease related genes Potential drug targets Human disease related genes Nervous system diseases Other nervous and sensory system diseases Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014)
Transporters Transporter channels and pores Predicted membrane proteins Prediction method-based Membrane proteins predicted by MDM MEMSAT3 predicted membrane proteins MEMSAT-SVM predicted membrane proteins Phobius predicted membrane proteins SCAMPI predicted membrane proteins SPOCTOPUS predicted membrane proteins THUMBUP predicted membrane proteins TMHMM predicted membrane proteins # TM segments-based 4TM proteins predicted by MDM Disease related genes Potential drug targets Human disease related genes Nervous system diseases Other nervous and sensory system diseases Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014)
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GO:0001964[startle response] GO:0004888[transmembrane signaling receptor activity] GO:0005216[ion channel activity] GO:0005230[extracellular ligand-gated ion channel activity] GO:0005231[excitatory extracellular ligand-gated ion channel activity] GO:0005254[chloride channel activity] GO:0005515[protein binding] GO:0005737[cytoplasm] GO:0005886[plasma membrane] GO:0006811[ion transport] GO:0006821[chloride transport] GO:0007165[signal transduction] GO:0007218[neuropeptide signaling pathway] GO:0007268[chemical synaptic transmission] GO:0007399[nervous system development] GO:0016020[membrane] GO:0016021[integral component of membrane] GO:0016594[glycine binding] GO:0016933[extracellularly glycine-gated ion channel activity] GO:0016934[extracellularly glycine-gated chloride channel activity] GO:0016935[glycine-gated chloride channel complex] GO:0030425[dendrite] GO:0030594[neurotransmitter receptor activity] GO:0034220[ion transmembrane transport] GO:0034707[chloride channel complex] GO:0042391[regulation of membrane potential] GO:0042995[cell projection] GO:0043005[neuron projection] GO:0043200[response to amino acid] GO:0045202[synapse] GO:0045211[postsynaptic membrane] GO:0050877[nervous system process] GO:0060012[synaptic transmission, glycinergic] GO:0060078[regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential] GO:0060079[excitatory postsynaptic potential] GO:1902476[chloride transmembrane transport] GO:1904315[transmitter-gated ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential]
Transporters Transporter channels and pores Predicted membrane proteins Prediction method-based Membrane proteins predicted by MDM MEMSAT3 predicted membrane proteins MEMSAT-SVM predicted membrane proteins Phobius predicted membrane proteins SCAMPI predicted membrane proteins SPOCTOPUS predicted membrane proteins THUMBUP predicted membrane proteins TMHMM predicted membrane proteins # TM segments-based 1TM proteins predicted by MDM Disease related genes Potential drug targets Human disease related genes Nervous system diseases Other nervous and sensory system diseases Mapped to neXtProt neXtProt - Evidence at protein level Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0001964[startle response] GO:0004888[transmembrane signaling receptor activity] GO:0005216[ion channel activity] GO:0005230[extracellular ligand-gated ion channel activity] GO:0005231[excitatory extracellular ligand-gated ion channel activity] GO:0005254[chloride channel activity] GO:0005515[protein binding] GO:0005737[cytoplasm] GO:0005886[plasma membrane] GO:0006811[ion transport] GO:0006821[chloride transport] GO:0007165[signal transduction] GO:0007218[neuropeptide signaling pathway] GO:0007268[chemical synaptic transmission] GO:0007399[nervous system development] GO:0016020[membrane] GO:0016021[integral component of membrane] GO:0016594[glycine binding] GO:0016933[extracellularly glycine-gated ion channel activity] GO:0016934[extracellularly glycine-gated chloride channel activity] GO:0016935[glycine-gated chloride channel complex] GO:0030425[dendrite] GO:0030594[neurotransmitter receptor activity] GO:0034220[ion transmembrane transport] GO:0034707[chloride channel complex] GO:0042391[regulation of membrane potential] GO:0042995[cell projection] GO:0043005[neuron projection] GO:0043200[response to amino acid] GO:0045202[synapse] GO:0045211[postsynaptic membrane] GO:0050877[nervous system process] GO:0060012[synaptic transmission, glycinergic] GO:0060078[regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential] GO:0060079[excitatory postsynaptic potential] GO:1902476[chloride transmembrane transport] GO:1904315[transmitter-gated ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential]