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CTSL
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PROTEIN SUMMARY SECTION OVERVIEW RNA DATA ANTIBODY DATA
Amygdala Basal ganglia Thalamus Midbrain Pons Medulla oblongata Hippocampal formation Spinal cord White matter Cerebral cortex Cerebellum Choroid plexus Hypothalamus Retina Thyroid gland Parathyroid gland Adrenal gland Pituitary gland Lung Salivary gland Esophagus Tongue Stomach Duodenum Small intestine Rectum Colon Liver Gallbladder Pancreas Kidney Urinary bladder Testis Epididymis Prostate Seminal vesicle Vagina Breast Cervix Endometrium Fallopian tube Ovary Placenta Heart muscle Skeletal muscle Smooth muscle Adipose tissue Skin Bone marrow Thymus Tonsil Lymph node Spleen Appendix
CTSL INFORMATION
Proteini

Full gene name according to HGNC.

Cathepsin L
Gene namei

Official gene symbol, which is typically a short form of the gene name, according to HGNC.

CTSL (CTSL1, FLJ31037)
Protein classi

Assigned HPA protein class(es) for the encoded protein(s).

Read more
Cancer-related genes
Enzymes
Metabolic proteins
Plasma proteins
Number of transcriptsi

Number of protein-coding transcripts from the gene as defined by Ensembl.

20
Protein evidence Evidence at protein level (all genes)
PROTEIN EXPRESSION AND LOCALIZATION
Tissue profilei

A summary of the overall protein expression profile across the analyzed normal tissues based on knowledge-based annotation, presented in the Tissue section.

"Estimation of protein expression could not be performed. View primary data." is shown for genes where available RNA-seq and gene/protein characterization data in combination with immunohistochemistry data has been evaluated as not sufficient to yield a reliable estimation of the protein expression profile.
Lysosomal expression in several tissues.
Subcellular location Localized to the Golgi apparatus, Vesicles
Predicted locationi

All transcripts of all genes have been analyzed regarding the location(s) of corresponding protein based on prediction methods for signal peptides and transmembrane regions.

  • Genes with at least one transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, according to prediction methods or to UniProt location data, have been further annotated and classified with the aim to determine if the corresponding protein(s) are secreted or actually retained in intracellular locations or membrane-attached.

  • Remaining genes, with no transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, will be assigned the prediction-based location(s).

The annotated location overrules the predicted location, so that a gene encoding a predicted secreted protein that has been annotated as intracellular will have intracellular as the final location.

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Intracellular
TISSUE RNA EXPRESSION
Tissue specificityi

The RNA specificity category is based on normalized mRNA expression levels in the consensus dataset, calculated from the RNA expression levels in samples from HPA and GTEX. The categories include: tissue enriched, group enriched, tissue enhanced, low tissue specificity and not detected.

Read more
Tissue enhanced (placenta)
Tissue expression clusteri

The RNA data was used to cluster genes according to their expression across tissues. Clusters contain genes that have similar expression patterns, and each cluster has been manually annotated to describe common features in terms of function and specificity.

Read more
Liver & Placenta - Transport via ER (mainly)
Brain specificityi

The regional specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analysed brain samples, grouped into 13 main brain regions and calculated for the three different species. All brain expression profiles are based on data from HPA. The specificity categories include: regionally enriched, group enriched, regionally enhanced, low regional specificity and not detected. The classification rules are the same used for the tissue specificity category

Read more
Low human brain regional specificity
Single cell type specificityi

The RNA specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed cell types based on scRNA-seq data from normal tissues. The categories include: cell type enriched, group enriched, cell type enhanced, low cell type specificity and not detected.

Read more
Cell type enhanced (Syncytiotrophoblasts, Extravillous trophoblasts, Cytotrophoblasts, Hofbauer cells, Macrophages)
Single cell type
expression clusteri

The RNA data was used to cluster genes according to their expression across single cell types. Clusters contain genes that have similar expression patterns, and each cluster has been manually annotated to describe common features in terms of function and specificity.

Read more
Macrophages - Innate immune response (mainly)
Tissue cell type classificationi

Genes can have enriched specificity in different cell types in one or several tissues, or be enriched in a core cell type that appears in many different tissues.

Read more
Cell type enriched (Adipose subcutaneous - Macrophages, Adipose visceral - Macrophages, Breast - Macrophages, Pancreas - Macrophages, Testis - Spermatocytes)
IMMUNE CELLS
Immune cell specificityi

The RNA specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed samples based on data from HPA. The categories include: cell type enriched, group enriched, cell type enhanced, low cell type specificity and not detected.

Read more
Group enriched (non-classical monocyte, intermediate monocyte)
Immune cell
expression clusteri

The RNA data was used to cluster genes according to their expression across single cell types. Clusters contain genes that have similar expression patterns, and each cluster has been manually annotated to describe common features in terms of function and specificity.

Read more
Monocytes - Innate immune response (mainly)
CANCER & CELL LINES
Prognostic summary Prognostic marker in lung cancer (unfavorable), glioma (unfavorable) and renal cancer (favorable) Lung cancer p<0.001
Cancer specificityi

Specificity of RNA expression in 17 cancer types is categorized as either cancer enriched, group enriched, cancer enhanced, low cancer specificity and not detected.

Read more
Low cancer specificity
Cell line
expression clusteri

The RNA data was used to cluster genes according to their expression across cell lines. Clusters contain genes that have similar expression patterns, and each cluster has been manually annotated to describe common features in terms of function and specificity.

Read more
Non-specific - Enzymes (mainly)
Cell line specificityi

RNA specificity category based on RNA sequencing data from cancer cell lines in the Human Protein Atlas grouped according to type of cancer. Genes are classified into six different categories (enriched, group enriched, enhanced, low specificity and not detected) according to their RNA expression levels across the panel of cell lines.

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Low cancer specificity
PROTEINS IN BLOOD
Upregulated in diseasei

A gene is classified as upregulated in a disease if the average concentration of all samples of that disease is significantly higher (adj P-value<0.05) than the average concentration of samples of all diseases as measured by PEA . For gender specific diseases the analysis includes only samples corresponding to the same gender from the other diseases.

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, Acute myeloid leukemia, Chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Ovarian cancer
Disease prediction modeli

The disease(s) the gene is associated with and able to predict according to glmnet prediction models. To be included the gene has to be upregulated according to differential expression analysis and have more than 50% overall importance as indicated by the prediction models.

No
Detected in blood by
immunoassayi

The blood-based immunoassay category applies to actively secreted proteins and is based on plasma or serum protein concentrations established with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, compiled from a literature search. The categories include: detected and not detected, where detection refers to a concentration found in the literature search.

Read more
No (not applicable)
Detected in blood by
mass spectrometryi

Detection or not of the gene in blood, based on spectral count estimations from a publicly available mass spectrometry-based plasma proteomics data set obtained from the PeptideAtlas.

Yes
Detected in blood by
proximity extension assayi

Detection or not of the gene in blood, based on proximity extension assays (Olink) for a longitudinal wellness study covering 76 individuals with three visits during two years.

Read more
Yes
PROTEIN FUNCTION
Protein function (UniProt)i

Useful information about the protein provided by UniProt.

Thiol protease important for the overall degradation of proteins in lysosomes (Probable). Plays a critical for normal cellular functions such as general protein turnover, antigen processing and bone remodeling. Involved in the solubilization of cross-linked TG/thyroglobulin and in the subsequent release of thyroid hormone thyroxine (T4) by limited proteolysis of TG/thyroglobulin in the thyroid follicle lumen (By similarity). In neuroendocrine chromaffin cells secretory vesicles, catalyzes the prohormone proenkephalin processing to the active enkephalin peptide neurotransmitter (By similarity). In thymus, regulates CD4(+) T cell positive selection by generating the major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII) bound peptide ligands presented by cortical thymic epithelial cells. Also mediates invariant chain processing in cortical thymic epithelial cells (By similarity). Major elastin-degrading enzyme at neutral pH. Accumulates as a mature and active enzyme in the extracellular space of antigen presenting cells (APCs) to regulate degradation of the extracellular matrix in the course of inflammation (By similarity). Secreted form generates endostatin from COL18A1 1. Critical for cardiac morphology and function. Plays an important role in hair follicle morphogenesis and cycling, as well as epidermal differentiation (By similarity). Required for maximal stimulation of steroidogenesis by TIMP1 (By similarity).... show less
Molecular function (UniProt)i

Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins due to their particular molecular function.

Hydrolase, Protease, Thiol protease
Biological process (UniProt)i

Keywords assigned by UniProt to proteins because they are involved in a particular biological process.

Host-virus interaction
Disease involvementi

Disease related keywords assigned by UniProt combined with Cancer-related genes and FDA approved drug targets

Read more
Cancer-related genes
Gene summary (Entrez)i

Useful information about the gene from Entrez

The protein encoded by this gene is a lysosomal cysteine proteinase that plays a major role in intracellular protein catabolism. Its substrates include collagen and elastin, as well as alpha-1 protease inhibitor, a major controlling element of neutrophil elastase activity. The encoded protein has been implicated in several pathologic processes, including myofibril necrosis in myopathies and in myocardial ischemia, and in the renal tubular response to proteinuria. This protein, which is a member of the peptidase C1 family, is a dimer composed of disulfide-linked heavy and light chains, both produced from a single protein precursor. Additionally, this protein cleaves the S1 subunit of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, which is necessary for entry of the virus into the cell. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2020]... show less

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The Human Protein Atlas project is funded
by the Knut & Alice Wallenberg Foundation.