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GENE AND PROTEIN SUMMARY

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Gene name

ATR

Description

ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related

Protein class

Enzymes, Kinases, Mapped to UniProt SWISS-PROT, Potential transmembrane proteins, Potentially secreted proteins

Protein evidence

Medium

Entrez gene summary

The protein encoded by this gene belongs the PI3/PI4-kinase family, and is most closely related to ATM, a protein kinase encoded by the gene mutated in ataxia telangiectasia. This protein and ATM share similarity with Schizosaccharomyces pombe rad3, a cell cycle checkpoint gene required for cell cycle arrest and DNA damage repair in response to DNA damage. This kinase has been shown to phosphorylate checkpoint kinase CHK1, checkpoint proteins RAD17, and RAD9, as well as tumor suppressor protein BRCA1. Mutations of this gene are associated with Seckel syndrome. An alternatively spliced transcript variant of this gene has been reported, however, its full length nature is not known. Transcript variants utilizing alternative polyA sites exist. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

External links

Ensembl, UniProt, Entrez gene, neXtProt, Antibodypedia

No of splice variants

8 in total
2 with predicted TM region
0 with predicted signal peptide

SUBCELLULAR LOCATION SUMMARY

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Main location(s)

Cytoplasm

Additional location(s)

Nucleus but not nucleoli, Centrosome 

Staining summary

Staining of cytoplasm and centrosome in U-251 MG. Staining of cytoplasm in A-431. Staining of nucleus in U-2 OS.

Reliability (Single)

Antibodies in assay

HPA028264
 

NORMAL TISSUE & ORGAN SUMMARY

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Staining summary

Pancreatic islets and cells of placenta showed moderate cytoplasmic and nuclear positivity, while hepatocytes, renal tubules and squamous epithelia displayed weak immunoreactivity. In neuronal cells, nucleoli were distinctly positive, whereas a subset of glial cells showed cytoplasmic immunoreactivity. Blood vessels of the CNS were strongly stained. Most other normal tissues were negative.

Tissue specificity

Staining in 26 out of 80 cell types

Reliability (Single)

Antibodies in assay

HPA028264
 

Organ

No of cell types

Antibody staining

CNS (brain) 11
Hematopoietic (blood) 8
Liver and pancreas 5
Digestive (GI-tract) 12
Respiratory (lung) 4
Cardiovascular 1
Female tissues 12
Placenta 2
Male tissues 5
Urinary tract (kidney) 3
Skin and soft tissues 14
Endocrine tissues 3

Level of antibody staining





Strong
Moderate
Weak
Negative

CANCER TISSUE SUMMARY

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Staining summary

Antibody staining in 20% of the cancers

Antibodies in assay

HPA028264
 

Tissue

Cancer staining

Normal tissue
staining

Breast cancer
 
Carcinoid
 
Cervical cancer
 
 
Colorectal cancer
 
 
Endometrial cancer
 
 
Glioma
 
Head and neck cancer
 
 
Liver cancer
 
 
Lung cancer
 
 
Lymphoma
 
 
 

Tissue

Cancer staining

Normal tissue
staining

Melanoma
 
Ovarian cancer
 
Pancreatic cancer
 
Prostate cancer
 
Renal cancer
 
Skin cancer
 
Stomach cancer
 
 
Testis cancer
 
Thyroid cancer
 
Urothelial cancer
 

Level of antibody staining





Strong
Moderate
Weak
Negative

CELL LINE SUMMARY

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RNA evidence

High
 

Cell line

Cell origin

RNA abundance

IH staining

IF intensity

HPA028264

HPA028264

A-431 Skin High
Moderate
A-549 Lung Medium
CACO-2 Colon Medium
HEK 293 Embryonal kidney Medium
HeLa Cervix Medium
Hep-G2 Liver Medium
MCF-7 Pleural effusion High
PC-3 Bone marrow Medium
RT-4 Urinary bladder Medium
U-2 OS Bone Medium
Weak
U-251 MG Brain Medium
Moderate

ANTIBODY SUMMARY

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Antibody

Clonality

Validation

HPA028264 pAb