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CS
HPA
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Gene name
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Category
Keyword
Chromosome
External id
Tissue
Cell type
Expression
Antibody panel
Tissue
Main location
Patient ID
Annotation
Tissue
Category
Tau score
Cluster
Reliability
Brain region
Category
Tau score
Brain region
Category
Tau score
Brain region
Category
Tau score
Cluster
Reliability
Tissue
Cell type
Enrichment
Cell type
Category
Tau score
Cell type group
Category
Tau score
Cell type
Category
Tau score
Cell type
Category
Tau score
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Category
Tau score
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Cluster
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Cancer
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Category
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Variants
Interacting gene (ensg_id)
Type
Number of interactions
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ipTM
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Category
Validation
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  • SUMMARY

  • TISSUE

  • BRAIN

  • SINGLE CELL

  • SUBCELL

  • CANCER

  • BLOOD

  • CELL LINE

  • STRUCTURE

  • INTERACTION

  • CS
INTERACTION INTERACTION METABOLIC PATHWAYS Show tissue menu
TRICARBOXYLIC ACID CYCLE AND GLYOXYLATE/DICARBOXYLATE METABOLISM
Protein interactions
Protein interactions
Methods
Human metabolism
Metabolic proteins
Methods
GENERAL INFORMATIONi

General description of the gene and the encoded protein(s) using information from HGNC and Ensembl, as well as predictions made by the Human Protein Atlas project.

Gene namei

Official gene symbol, which is typically a short form of the gene name, according to HGNC.

CS
Synonyms
Gene descriptioni

Full gene name according to HGNC.

Citrate synthase
Protein classi

Assigned HPA protein class(es) for the encoded protein(s).

Read more
Citric acid cycle related proteins
Enzymes
Essential proteins
Metabolic proteins
Plasma proteins
Predicted locationi

All transcripts of all genes have been analyzed regarding the location(s) of corresponding protein based on prediction methods for signal peptides and transmembrane regions.

  • Genes with at least one transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, according to prediction methods or to UniProt location data, have been further annotated and classified with the aim to determine if the corresponding protein(s) are secreted or actually retained in intracellular locations or membrane-attached.
  • Remaining genes, with no transcript predicted to encode a secreted protein, will be assigned the prediction-based location(s).

The annotated location overrules the predicted location, so that a gene encoding a predicted secreted protein that has been annotated as intracellular will have intracellular as the final location.

Membrane, Intracellular
Protein evidence Evidence at protein level (all genes)

HUMAN PROTEIN ATLAS INFORMATIONi

Summary of RNA expression analysis and annotation data generated within the Human Protein Atlas project.

Single cell type
expression clusteri

The RNA data was used to cluster genes according to their expression across single cell types. Clusters contain genes that have similar expression patterns, and each cluster has been manually annotated to describe common features in terms of function and specificity.

Cardiomyocytes - Cardiac muscle contraction & structure (mainly)
Single cell type specificityi

The RNA specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the analyzed cell types based on scRNA-seq data from normal tissues. The categories include: cell type enriched, group enriched, cell type enhanced, low cell type specificity and not detected.

Low cell type specificity
Tissue expression
cluster (RNA)i

The RNA data was used to cluster genes according to their expression across tissues. Clusters contain genes that have similar expression patterns, and each cluster has been manually annotated to describe common features in terms of function and specificity.

Striated muscle - Muscle contraction (mainly)
Tissue specificity (RNA)i

The RNA specificity category is based on mRNA expression levels in the consensus dataset which is calculated from the RNA expression levels in samples from HPA and GTEX. The categories include: tissue enriched, group enriched, tissue enhanced, low tissue specificity and not detected.

Tissue enhanced (Skeletal muscle, Tongue)
Subcellular locationi

Main subcellular location based on data generated in the subcellular section of the Human Protein Atlas.

Localized to the Mitochondria
Secretome annotationi

All genes with at least one predicted secreted isoform have been annotated and classified with the aim to determine if the corresponding protein(s) are:

  • secreted into blood
  • locally secreted
  • or actually being attached to membrane or retained in intracellular locations like mitochondria, endoplasmatic reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus or lysosomes.
Not available
GENE INFORMATIONi

Gene information from Ensembl and Entrez, as well as links to available gene identifiers are displayed here. Information was retrieved from Ensembl if not indicated otherwise.

Chromosome 12
Cytoband q13.3
Chromosome location (bp) 56271699 - 56300391
Number of transcriptsi

Number of protein-coding transcripts from the gene as defined by Ensembl.

18
Ensembl ENSG00000062485 (version 109)
Entrez gene 1431
HGNC HGNC:2422
UniProt O75390
GeneCards CS
ASSAYSi

Links to data of the different assays available in the Structure & Interaction resource of the Human Protein Atlas. Click on the miniature images to directly get to the respective section.

Interaction Metabolic
INTERACTIONi

In the Interaction part of this page network plots showing the gene's first-level interaction partners according to four different datasets are displayed, including a consensus network plot showing only interactions present in at least two of the datasets. By clicking on nodes the network can be expanded. In the network plots the nodes represent genes and edge color represent the number of datasets the interaction belongs to. In-house generated AlphaFold 3 predicted 3D structures for interactions in the consensus network are displayed by clicking on the blue symbols on the edges.

The highlight bar in the top of the plot can be used to color the nodes according to subcellular location (based on data in the Subcellular section), predicted location (based on signalpeptide and transmembrane region predictions), tissue specificity (based on RNA tissue expression profiles) or proteinclass. For genes categorised as single cell type or group specific the option to highlight interaction partners expressed in the same cell type will also be available in the highlight bar.

Custom highlighting of nodes is possible using the top left Filter option in which a query of choice can be built to for example label all nodes that are tissue enriched in both human and mouse brain or those that belongs to a certain tissue expression cluster. The expression cluster for the gene is stated in the box Human Protein Atlas Information above the network plot. Click on Filter in the top left in the plot to find the query builder and some example queries.

Interactions included are direct interaction and physical associations with high and medium confidence from IntAct, physical multivalidated interactions from BioGRID, interactions with>75% probability from BioPlex and significant physical interactions from OpenCell.

Filter menu »
Fields »
e.g. Brain enriched, Localized to mitochondria, Striated muscle - Muscle contraction

Field
Term
Gene name
Class
Subclass
Category
Keyword
Chromosome
External id
Tissue
Cell type
Expression
Antibody panel
Tissue
Main location
Patient ID
Annotation
Tissue
Category
Tau score
Cluster
Reliability
Brain region
Category
Tau score
Brain region
Category
Tau score
Brain region
Category
Tau score
Cluster
Reliability
Tissue
Cell type
Enrichment
Cell type
Category
Tau score
Cell type group
Category
Tau score
Cell type
Category
Tau score
Cell type
Category
Tau score
Cell lineage
Category
Tau score
Cluster
Cluster
Location
Searches
Location
Cell line
Class
Type
Phase
Reliability
Cancer
Prognosis
Cancer
Category
Cancer
Category
Tau score
Cluster
Variants
Interacting gene (ensg_id)
Type
Number of interactions
Pathway
ipTM
Category
Category
Category
Category
Validation
Validation
Validation
Validation
Antibodies
Data type
Column


Consensus
IntAct
BioGrid
OpenCell
BioPlex
CS has no defined protein interactions in Consensus.
CS has no defined protein interactions in IntAct.
Highlight:
Off
Subcell location
Predicted location
Cell type specificity
Protein class

Number of interactions: 186
Interaction# Consensus# IntAct# BioGrid# OpenCell# BioPlex
ABCB711600
ABHD10117412
ACAD95039016
ACADVL01810
ACAT1001212
ACOT101601
ACOT200601
AFG3L2012201
AK308301
AK4205041
ALAS1136511
ANGEL200301
ATAD3A033310
ATP5F1B101476115
ATP5IF13149127
ATP5MF-PTCD100200
ATP5PB141531053
ATP5PF101614338
ATPAF121904
BCS1L03504
C17orf8002860
C1QBP13211081324
CARS200800
CLPP21921105
CLPX001315
COQ5456010
COX5A171690
CRYAB91829018
DBT2612021
DHTKD101300
DLAT332141
DLD263712
DLST2552512
EARS2004017
ECHS1231504
ECI2121100
ECSIT91423031
ELAC21010114
ERAL11513035
ETFA441906
ETFB221460
FASTKD2021740
FASTKD5137017
FECH241150
GATB012016
GATD3012110
GFM1412134
GLS111900
GLUD13319211
GRPEL1141502
GRSF12117020
GSTK103500
GTPBP10035020
GTPBP3018200
GUF100202
HADH00510
HADHA4949410
HINT2102004
HSD17B10554430
HSDL2001110
HSPA8654545729101
HSPB13013910534
HSPD120381391145
HSPE1021720
IARS2002462
IBA5701401
LAMP2312140
LAP308520
LARS2205027
LETM10412816
LONP16240630
LRPPRC776882
LYPLAL101300
LYRM4321004
LYRM723801
MDH2103470
ME200420
METTL156110026
MGME1022030
MMAB05806
MMUT13204
MRM321013417
MRPL1011715145
MRPL12161238057
MRPL194222016
MRPL204110531
MRPL218120128
MRPL2410123331
MRPL3721231051
MRPL407816030
MRPL4214225297
MRPL4414529127
MRPL45002400
MRPL467218147
MRPL483111231
MRPS149322135
MRPS178315765
MRPS18B111627041
MRPS216027262
MRPS2214140816
MRPS23163351037
MRPS2415028183
MRPS2634057465
MRPS27134331062
MRPS285118411
MRPS3117234243
MRPS3411033855
MRPS3512231339
MRPS3610537
MRPS54021048
MRPS711030845
MRPS916234851
MTERF30212400
MTIF212040020
MTPAP4410315
MTRES1002600
MTRF1L00601
NDUFA127332112
NDUFA64119015
NDUFAF16610034
NDUFAF209570
NDUFAF410418020
NDUFAF711402
NDUFS1635129
NDUFS211539013
NDUFS316778013
NDUFS614124050
NDUFV26603428
NDUFV3122500
NFS112800
NFU1015400
NME44441301
NNT001010
NOA1235119
NT5DC200600
OAT011090
OXA1L01500
OXCT1001000
PDE1200600
PDHA14410121
PDK1143500
PDK3122103
PDPR00203
PHB12713010
PNPLA800100
PNPT12214315
POLDIP2141818
POLG218017
POLRMT158221
PPA200820
PPIF113840
PREPL00800
PRKN1111140500
PTCD312338535
PYCR1411769
PYCR24016137
QRSL1427039
RPUSD48317025
RTN4IP1113501
SDHA473029
SDHB171811
SHC114188600
SHMT2393003
SIRT3341906
SLC30A9107017
SSBP1246106
STOML2031410
SUCLA2071510
SUCLG212700
TACO1015700
TARS20118029
TBRG4018900
TFAM383450
THEM406301
THG1L05101
THNSL100304
TIMM44051230
TRAP12133151
TRMT10C111111
TRMT61B342806
TSFM382016
TWNK01520
UQCC1143019
UQCRFS12121034
VARS203604
VWA8001550
Show allShow less
Highlight:
Off
Subcell location
Predicted location
Cell type specificity
Protein class

Number of interactions: 4
Interaction# Consensus# IntAct# BioGrid# OpenCell# BioPlex
ASS1126238
CAPZB10061336660
CLIP17213480
HEATR32064411
CS has no defined protein interactions in BioPlex.
METABOLIC SUMMARYi

In this summary the pathway/subsystems to which the gene belongs is shown together with the associated cellular compartment for the reactions based on metabolite information. The number of proteins and metabolites in the pathway is shown as well as the number of reactions for the selected gene. By clicking on a pathway in the summary table the associated metabolic network map is shown, together with a gene-tissue heatmap that shows the expression of genes in that pathway in different tissues.

Gene CS is associated with 1 reactions in 1 different subsystems, and present in the compartments: Mitochondria. Provided by metabolicatlas.org
Pathway / Subsystem Subsystem-associated compartments # proteins # metabolites # reactions for
this protein
Tricarboxylic acid cycle and glyoxylate/dicarboxylate metabolism Cytosol, Mitochondria, Peroxisome 47 45 1
PROTEIN INFORMATIONi

The protein information section displays alternative protein-coding transcripts (splice variants) encoded by this gene according to the Ensembl database.

The Splice variant identifier links to the Ensembl website protein summary for the selected splice variant. The data in the Swissprot and TrEMBL columns links to corresponding pages in the UniProt database.

The protein classes assigned to this protein are shown if expanding the data in the protein class column. Parent protein classes are in bold font and subclasses are listed under the parent class.

The length of the protein (amino acid residues according to Ensembl), molecular mass (kDalton), predicted signal peptide and number of predicted transmembrane region(s) according to in-house majority decision methods based on sets of predictors are also reported.

Splice variant SwissProt TrEMBL Protein class Length & mass Signal peptide
(predicted)
Transmembrane regions
(predicted)
CS-201 O75390
A0A024RB75
Enzymes
Metabolic proteins
Predicted membrane proteins
Plasma proteins
Citric acid cycle related proteins
Mapped to neXtProt
Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014)
Essential proteins
Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
466 aa
51.7 kDa
No 1
CS-202 B4DJV2
Metabolic proteins
Predicted membrane proteins
Citric acid cycle related proteins
Essential proteins
Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
453 aa
50.4 kDa
No 1
CS-206 F8VR34
Metabolic proteins
Predicted intracellular proteins
Citric acid cycle related proteins
Essential proteins
Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
146 aa
16 kDa
No 0
CS-208 F8VRP1
Metabolic proteins
Predicted intracellular proteins
Citric acid cycle related proteins
Essential proteins
Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
117 aa
13 kDa
No 0
CS-211 F8VTT8
Metabolic proteins
Predicted intracellular proteins
Citric acid cycle related proteins
Essential proteins
Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
149 aa
16.3 kDa
No 0
CS-212 A0A0C4DGI3
Metabolic proteins
Predicted membrane proteins
Citric acid cycle related proteins
Essential proteins
Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
400 aa
44.7 kDa
No 1
CS-213 H0YIC4
Metabolic proteins
Predicted membrane proteins
Citric acid cycle related proteins
Essential proteins
Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
123 aa
14.1 kDa
No 1
CS-216 F8VRI6
Metabolic proteins
Predicted intracellular proteins
Citric acid cycle related proteins
Essential proteins
Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
140 aa
15.5 kDa
No 0
CS-218 F8VZK9
Metabolic proteins
Predicted intracellular proteins
Citric acid cycle related proteins
Essential proteins
Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
80 aa
9 kDa
No 0
CS-219 F8W4S1
Metabolic proteins
Predicted intracellular proteins
Citric acid cycle related proteins
Essential proteins
Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
178 aa
19.4 kDa
No 0
CS-221 F8VPA1
Metabolic proteins
Predicted intracellular proteins
Citric acid cycle related proteins
Essential proteins
Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
144 aa
16.1 kDa
No 0
CS-223 F8VX07
Metabolic proteins
Predicted intracellular proteins
Citric acid cycle related proteins
Essential proteins
Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
114 aa
12.6 kDa
No 0
CS-225 F8VPF9
Metabolic proteins
Predicted intracellular proteins
Citric acid cycle related proteins
Essential proteins
Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
140 aa
15.7 kDa
No 0
CS-226 F8W642
Metabolic proteins
Predicted intracellular proteins
Citric acid cycle related proteins
Essential proteins
Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
66 aa
7.4 kDa
No 0
CS-228 F8VX68
Metabolic proteins
Predicted intracellular proteins
Citric acid cycle related proteins
Essential proteins
Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
120 aa
13.3 kDa
No 0
CS-229 F8VPA1
Metabolic proteins
Predicted intracellular proteins
Citric acid cycle related proteins
Essential proteins
Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
144 aa
16.1 kDa
No 0
CS-230 F8VU34
Metabolic proteins
Predicted intracellular proteins
Citric acid cycle related proteins
Essential proteins
Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
142 aa
15.6 kDa
No 0
CS-233 F8W1S4
Metabolic proteins
Predicted intracellular proteins
Citric acid cycle related proteins
Essential proteins
Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
157 aa
17 kDa
No 0
Show allShow less

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