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GENE AND PROTEIN SUMMARY

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Gene name

AK2

Description

adenylate kinase 2

Protein class

Enzymes, Mapped to UniProt SWISS-PROT

Protein evidence

High

Entrez gene summary

Adenylate kinases are involved in regulating the adenine nucleotide composition within a cell by catalyzing the reversible transfer of phosphate groups among adenine nucleotides. Three isozymes of adenylate kinase, namely 1, 2, and 3, have been identified in vertebrates; this gene encodes isozyme 2. Expression of these isozymes is tissue-specific and developmentally regulated. Isozyme 2 is localized in the mitochondrial intermembrane space and may play a role in apoptosis. Mutations in this gene are the cause of reticular dysgenesis. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Pseudogenes of this gene are found on chromosomes 1 and 2.[provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010]

External links

Ensembl, UniProt, Entrez gene, neXtProt, Antibodypedia

No of splice variants

7 in total
0 with predicted TM region
0 with predicted signal peptide

SUBCELLULAR LOCATION SUMMARY

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Main location(s)

Plasma membrane

Additional location(s)

Nucleus but not nucleoli 

Staining summary

Staining of plasma membrane in all three cell lines with additional staining of nucleus in A-431.

Reliability (Single)

Antibodies in assay

HPA018479
 

NORMAL TISSUE & ORGAN SUMMARY

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Staining summary

Normal tissues generally displayed moderate cytoplasmic positivity. CNS cells were mostly negative. Exocrine glandular cells of the pancreas, glands of the small intestine, male genital tract and renal tubules showed strong cytoplasmic staining.

Tissue specificity

Staining in 60 out of 82 cell types

Reliability (Single)

Antibodies in assay

HPA018479
 

Organ

No of cell types

Antibody staining

CNS (brain) 11
Hematopoietic (blood) 8
Liver and pancreas 5
Digestive (GI-tract) 13
Respiratory (lung) 4
Cardiovascular 1
Female tissues 13
Placenta 2
Male tissues 5
Urinary tract (kidney) 3
Skin and soft tissues 14
Endocrine tissues 3

Level of antibody staining





Strong
Moderate
Weak
Negative

CANCER TISSUE SUMMARY

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Staining summary

Antibody staining in 88% of the cancers

Antibodies in assay

HPA018479
 

Tissue

Cancer staining

Normal tissue
staining

Breast cancer
 
Carcinoid
 
Cervical cancer
 
 
Colorectal cancer
 
 
Endometrial cancer
 
 
Glioma
 
Head and neck cancer
 
 
Liver cancer
 
 
Lung cancer
 
 
Lymphoma
 
 
 

Tissue

Cancer staining

Normal tissue
staining

Melanoma
 
Ovarian cancer
 
Pancreatic cancer
 
Prostate cancer
 
Renal cancer
 
Skin cancer
 
Stomach cancer
 
 
Testis cancer
 
Thyroid cancer
 
Urothelial cancer
 

Level of antibody staining





Strong
Moderate
Weak
Negative

CELL LINE SUMMARY

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RNA evidence

High
 

Cell line

Cell origin

RNA abundance

IH staining

IF intensity

 

HPA018479

A-431 Skin High

-

Moderate
A-549 Lung High

-

CACO-2 Colon High

-

HEK 293 Embryonal kidney High

-

HeLa Cervix High

-

Hep-G2 Liver High

-

MCF-7 Pleural effusion High

-

PC-3 Bone marrow High

-

RT-4 Urinary bladder High

-

U-2 OS Bone High

-

Moderate
U-251 MG Brain High

-

Moderate

ANTIBODY SUMMARY

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Antibody

Clonality

Validation

HPA018479 pAb